Good and Service Experience free essay sample

Correction concentrates on consumers perceptions of the service encounter. The Correction model is a simple but powerful model that illustrates factors influencing the service experience of a customer when enjoying a service. It concentrates on consumers perceptions of the service encounter. The framework, developed by Geiger and Language emphasizes experiential aspects of service consumption and is based on the idea of organizations providing consumers with complex bundles of benefits.The elements of the service experience are divided into woo parts- visible and invisible. The visible part consists of the inanimate environment within which the service experience occurs, the service providers or contact personnel who Interact with the consumer during the service experience. The visible part of the organization is is supported by the invisible part, comprising the support infrastructure, which enable the visible part of the organization to function. The invisible part refers to the rules, regulations and processes upon which the organization Is based. We will write a custom essay sample on Good and Service Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although they are Invisible to customers they have very rebound effect on the consumers service experience. The model is completed by the introduction of other customers, with whom each consumer may interact within the system. This is important because the actions of fellow consumers can contribute greatly to the overall encounter. Everyone and everything that comes Into contact with the consumer is effectively delivering the service-There is often large number of contacts between the service provider and the customers which makes it difficult in identifying the correction system.Only consumers can define the service encounter hat matters to them and essentially create their own bundle of benefits from the contributory elements of the service offer. Therefore the service encounter is defined by customers , rather than producer-led definitions. Relevance for fast-food market: The corrections model for a fast-food market Is used for understanding consumer experiences: consisting of visible service, contact personnel , other customers and 1 OFF home delivery and WI-FL connection free for customer. The contact personnel of the fast-food market would include a waiter/ branch manager, counter employees and a security guard.The other customers would be customer B. The invisible organization and systems could be a very fast delivery within 5 minutes, a good setup with approximately 10 staff and a good music system in the restaurant. Role of Customer B: Customer B represents all other customers who are part of customer Ass experience. Consumption of service are shared experience because it often occurs in the presence of other customers. As in the case with the other visible components of the Correction model, other customers can impact customer Ass experience.

Why Do People Join Gangs Essay Example

Why Do People Join Gangs Essay Example Why Do People Join Gangs Paper Why Do People Join Gangs Paper Gangs, or most people define as a group of criminals who band together for mutual protection and profit, are still widely increasing in the united States today. Even though everyone can agree that any gang related activities and crimes are against the law, people still Joins it regardless with various reasons: Desire for protection, to appear cool, and have a sense of family. People often Join gangs to get a protection from others. Especially in ghetto, where most of the gangs originate from, people struggles to live every day because of a high crime rate and low Income. Jolting gangs would be the only way for them to live safely because they seek to protect one another. While some people Join gangs mainly to survive, the others are completely opposite. They join gangs in order to appear or sound cool. These mostly affects youth because they like to stand out than the rest especially at school. Some gangs are even designed to attract young recruits. Some wears the latest fashion trends, throw the hottest parties, and drive the coolest cars. They can appear to have the perfect lifestyle to a young kid whos looking to fit In somewhere. They have an Image f coolness that has been established by the media. Although some might think having a coolness and protection is some of the reasons why people Join gangs, it is very situational and only targeted towards certain groups. Usually, the main reason why people join gangs is to have a feeling of family. Most of the gang members are from a broken family, abandoned child, and others that were not accepted from the society. They do not understand having a sense of people who actually care for one other. So when they Join gangs and develop their first sense of strong bonds, they would most likely to be part of a gang. There are many other reasons why people Join gangs such as a peer pressure, need for money, excitement, and so on. But overall, people Join gangs to be in part of something that they never have experienced before. Even though they know it is against the law to kill a person, do drugs, and possess illegal weapons, they will still do It regardless because they care for one another. 1 . What is the full official name of the gang? Blood Oath (Bloods) A. K. A. East Coast Bloods 2. What is the agenda or reason for the gangs existence? Is it race, protection, drugs, or a combination of various factors? They are all about the protections. Bloods would risk their lives to protect the other members. 3. What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? B. L. O. O. D. Stands for Brotherly Love Overriding Oppression and Destruction of Society. Wears red clothes to symbolize the blood. D. O. G. S. Stands for Doing Only Gangster S*it. Star shaped symbol represents soul, body, unity, lost, and love. 4. What are three toner things you nave learned tout tons gang Trot ten Tall? I nee nave to take another persons life in order to become bloods. They are usually respectful of the other gangs. Bloods usually dominates the east and the west coast of U. S. 5. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? After G-check, whoever that hesitates to answer the blood questions gets killed. 6. What is the full official name of the gang? Hells Angels 7. What is the agenda or reason for the gangs existence? Is it race, protection, drugs, or a combination of various factors? Mostly known as Fun for rebels, Hells Angels is the biker gangs that seeks to discipline the other gangs. They mostly does the organized crimes and sells drugs. . What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? T. C. B. Stands for Take Care of Business. They sells their specialized drugs called D. O. A. In which stand for the Dust of Angels. They usually have a weekly chapter meeting at church. 9. What are three other things you have learned about this gang from the film? They hate Mongols. About 85% of their members has been arrested for felonies. They are very secretive. 10. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? Casino crime scene. It has been recorded vive by using a security camera and also known as the most violent crime in Casino. 11. What is the full official name of the gang? MS-13 12. What is the agenda or reason for the gangs existence? Is it race, protection, drugs, or a combination of various factors? MASS, Just like any other gangs, a goal is to make everyone know that they are the most powerful gang in the world. They seeks for drugs, power, and their race. 13. What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? 13 represents the 13th letter of an alphabet. Mar Salvation is the leader of a gang. 14. What are three other things you have learned about this gang from the film? To be in part of MASS, new members has to get grounded for 15 seconds Very famous for being the most ruthless gang MASS exists in more than 42 states. 15. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? Bus massacre where all of the passengers got shot and dead including the children. 16. What is the full official name of the gang? Skinheads frontline on the race boards (Neo-Nazis) 1 / want Is ten agenda or reason Tort ten gangs existence? Is It race, protection, rugs, or a combination of various factors? Their goal is to make races separated and to show the others that whites are the most superior races than any other races. They are very violent and racist. 18. What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? Boot party refers to beating with a pair of boots as a group They wear the white and blood shoelaces to represent their race and blood. 19. What are three other things you have learned about this gang from the film? They have swastika tattoos. Skinheads were first originated from Great Britain and created from the gap between ICC and poor. Homesick nation is known as the most dangerous white race group in the world. 20. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? Just hitting a random person because he/ she is not white. Sometimes led to death. 21 . What is the full official name of the Latin Kings 22. What is the agenda or reason for the gangs existence? Is it race, protection, drugs, or a combination of various factors? Their primary goal is to protect their race. They also do drugs, but it was not as important as their race and protection. 3. What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? Armor De Ray means love for Spanish. They usually cannot trust their own members. Yellow represents their symbol as a Latin. White manifesto teaches a lesson on how to behave. 24. What are three other things you have learned about this gang from the film? Normally gets killed if someone breaks the rule. They would attack anyone who is wearing anything associated with red. King blood is the leader of Latin Kings because of his crime record. 25. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? Murder of King Roman. Killer chopped off the corpse and set it on fire. And also attempted to eliminate King Maggie during Halloween but he barely escaped. How do you feel society could better deal with the gang issue? Do you feel tougher laws or intervention programs could make a difference? What would you do to tackle the gang problem? Gangs have been existed for decades and it still is. The society as a whole already terra a numerous way to prevent ten est. Adolescent Ana ten recruitment AT gangs and while some did work, the rest did not. Although having tougher laws or intervention programs might help to suppress the problems temporarily, there is no definite solution to prevent the gang issues, and there will not be. As a society advances through the development of technology, medicine, and others, a lot of people will expect that the problem becomes easier to solve, but in reality, it becomes much difficult. Having a better technology do not only benefit the society, but also the gang members, which makes the problem even more complicated. An internet for example, although it helps people to have an access to a recent news and alerts, the gangs can have an access to that also. When a police car comes by, it notifies the nearest gang members to be cautious. The society is trying their best to deal with issues, but it is a lot more complicated than most people think. Making the laws tougher or having an intervention programs might help, but it does not extinguish the problems completely; it is like Darnings theory of evolution. When the police hires more officers to deal with gangs, a lot of the gangs will surrender but whoever that gets to survive gets to make even more powerful gangs. Same thing applies to the intervention programs. While the program may help a child o become more aware of the society, whoever that were already in an influence of other gangs will not care regardless. Personally, if solving all these issues were up to me, I would do the exact same thing as what society wants me to do. Making the laws stricter, hiring more police officers, and educating more children, that is what I would do because I know that the gang issues are not as easy to solve as what most people think. When technologies grow, the gang will grow, and when the society drops, the gang will drop too. There are many ways to prevent it, but no way to solve it.

Contextualization of Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Contextualization of Development - Essay Example This report stresses that globalization and its impacts have been very evident in Canada. Some of the large companies in Canada have become global. This means that such companies have been able to access new markets as well as new challenges. The ratification of the Free Trade Agreement with Canada and the United States in 1988 has seen dramatic change in the business environment in Canada. In addition, Canada has been able export and import human resources. As a matter of fact, Canada is known to be one of the encouraging expatriation through programs like green cards and visas. Canada has been able to enjoy a number of benefits as a result of globalization. Globalization has also had negative effect too. One of the negative effects of globalization is inequality between the industrialized and the less industrialized nations. This disparity has been caused by exploitation of the less industrialized nations by the industrialized ones. This has led to overdependence of the industriali zed nations by the less industrialized ones. This paper makes a conclusion that globalization is inevitable and its impacts cannot be overlooked. All sectors of human beings and nations are affected by globalization. Just as seen in the above discussion, globalization affects the social, economic and political spheres. There is a thin line of difference between globalization and modernization, therefore any human being, society and nation must embrace globalization.

Why I Need A College Degree Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why I Need A College Degree - Personal Statement Example Additionally, I need a college degree in order to cope better in turbulent economic times including recession. This is based on what I have gathered from research that individuals without a college degree were the worst hit by the recession and they had difficulty recovering from it after 2007 (Penn State, 2010). Another reason I need a college degree is to advance my critical thinking skills. College education will expose to situations that will challenge my existing knowledge and make me develop new ways of thinking and analyzing issues without taking some things for granted. Despite of the knowledge I have got while in service, I need a college degree in order to remain updated. Today’s world is changing fast and it requires a person to change at its pace and college education will equip me with the latest knowledge especially since college is a hub of research. In addition, more people are increasingly pursuing college education and as such, I need a college degree in order to identify and interact meaningfully with peers who are pursuing college degrees (Penn State, 2010). I need a college degree because it will be a step towards personal fulfillment and actualization. Besides the ease that the knowledge I will get from a college degree will give me working for a law enforcement agency, the certificate will be an artifact of achievement and will add to my fulfillment in life. This will further help me to motivate my children in their academic endeavor and to demonstrate to them that age is not a factors to academic success. I need a college degree for professional credibility that is important in today’s world. Peers and clients are confident working with a person whose service and capacity is credible and whose qualification is not doubtful. While it is possible to perform well in a job even without a college degree, I need a college degree because it will add onto better job performance. This is because college education will give me more

Theoretical limitations of the CAPM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Theoretical limitations of the CAPM - Essay Example d deviation of the returns on security I, E(RM) denotes the expected return on the market portfolio; o (RM) denotes the standard deviation of the returns on the market portfolio; and RF denotes the risk-free rate of return. A) Calculate (beta) for each of the following: i) Security A Beta = 0.1-0.04 0.2- 0.04 = 0.06/0.16 =0.375 ii) Security B Beta = 0.1-0.04 0.7-0.04 =0.0457 b. According to the Capital Asset Pricing model (CAPM), what are the expected returns for securities of A and B? We use the CAPM equation Ki = Krf + bi(Km - Krf) Where: Ki = the required return for the individual security Krf = the risk-free rate of return bi = the beta of the individual security Km = the expected return on the market portfolio (Km - Krf) is called the market risk premium KA = 0.04 + 0.375 (0.3) = 0.1525 For B KB =0.04 + 0.0457 (0.7) = 0.07199 c) Write down an expression for the security market line. Draw a sketch of the security market line, and indicate the positions of securities A and B on th is line. Explain briefly how you would interpret the security market line Ki = Krf + bi(Km - Krf) Ki = 0.004 +0.375 (0.3) Ki = Krf + bi(Km - Krf) Ki = 0.004 +0.375 (0.7) E(Ri) B Undervalued Overvalued RM 0.5A 0 1 The assets above are undervalued because they reflect a high return. d. Write down expressions for the characteristic lines for securities A and B. Draw sketches of the characteristic lines for securities A and B. Explain briefly how you would interpret the characteristic lines. E(Ri) B Undervalued Overvalued RM 0.5A 0 1 3. This question refers to Figure 1. a) In the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), what are the values of ((betai) for securities A, B and C? A= 0.06 B= 0.08 C= 0.10 b) What are residual variances for securities A, B and C A=0.7 B= 0.6 C= 0.8 c) With reference to... Due to the market portfolio’s nature of diverse investments opportunities, which in some cases are not observable, investors, use stock indexes as a proxy. This leads to inaccurate inferences about the soundness of CAPM. According to, CAPM assumes that, only two dates exists for an investor to undertake transactions such that, no extra time left to re-balance and use portfolios repeatedly. Moreover, it is normal that, diversification cannot remove systematic risk proceeds on all securities attributed to the market portfolio proceeds. This is a pure contrast to the CAPM’s assumption that investors should consider systematic risks because they can be eliminated through diversification. In conclusion, the extent of CAPM model’s limitations are bound on three primary aspects, which include the investors’ preferences on investment portfolios and investment aptitudes in relation to the investment outlay, which influences decision making on the type of investment to be considered. Secondly, the aspect of diversification: Diversification does not remove systematic risk returns on all securities attributed to market portfolio return. This is in contrast with the CAPM’s assumption that investors should consider systematic risks because diversification can purge them.

Significance Of Language In Animal Farm Philosophy Essay

Significance Of Language In Animal Farm Philosophy Essay The end of World War II, the detonation of the atomic bomb, and the start of the Cold War, all took place during 1945. However, what also took place that year was the publishing of George Orwells, Animal Farm. Through the use of animals, the novel mocks certain human traits and characteristics. It depicts mans greed and selfishness as part of human nature and how innocent bystanders are swept under and destroyed by these selfish, heartless people. Orwells transformation of the pigs into humans shocks the reader who eventually realizes the tremendous similarities that humans have with the pigs in the novel. A recurring theme in this novel is how language can be manipulated as an instrument of control. From the inspiring song, Beasts of England to the commandments and the changing of them by Napoleon, the main source of power throughout the novel is language and the use of rhetoric. Without the correct use of language and the power of words in Animal Farm, the rebellion never would hav e taken place and certainly the end result of Napoleons complete takeover would never have happened. Through Napoleons manipulative characteristics, the gullibility of the animals of the farm and the impressive rhetorical and propaganda skills of Squealer, reality is shaped by words. In the beginning of the novel, Napoleon shows no concern in what the animals do and leaves most of the leadership work and inspirational speeches to Snowball. Napoleon is described as, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way, (Orwell, 25). This foreshadows Napoleons future behaviour because later on in the novel, he takes on more of a Stalin-like role in the farm. Unable to effectively speak in public, he uses Squealer to talk to the animals of the farm and get them under control. However, being unable to speak effectively in public doesnt hold him back from taking control. To maintain power, he uses many different types of propaganda techniques, one of which being, using Snowball as scapegoat. Napoleon blames the farms failures on Snowball who is no where to be found so he cannot deny or confirm any truth of what is said. For instance, when Boxer questions the loyalty of Snowball, Napoleon tells Squealer to announce that Snowball was Joness agent from the very beginning. (Orwell, chpt.6) Boxer, being the loyal and gullible animal he is, admits that if Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right. (Orwell, chpt.6) Not only does Napoleon use Snowball as scapegoat, so that he can secure his position, he alters the seven commandments to legitimize what he does (drink alcohol, sleep in beds, deal with humans). At this point in the history of the farm, the pigs do not quite have enough power to do what they like and Squealer is forced to change the Commandments to fit new circumstances. Meaning, the pigs havent yet fully gained the trust of the animals of the farm and therefore need to alter the commandments secretively. The first alteration to the Commandments comes after the pigs move back into the farmhouse. As the pigs slowly adapted to the ways of humans, they started sleeping on beds. The ban on sleeping in beds was changed in Napoleons favour by the addition of the words with sheets. When Clover questions the sleeping in beds of the pigs, she finds that the fourth commandment says, No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets. (Orwell, chpt.5) Clover doesnt quite remember the with sheets being there and eventually concludes that it must have been there, (Orwell, chpt.5) Due to Clovers faulty memory she wasnt able to recognize this alteration. From drinking alcohol to murder, and everything in between, Napoleon abused the seven commandments of Animalism and was never rebelled against, not once. This was due to all the animals of the farm being very gullible, to such an extent, that they didnt realize what was really going on. The gullibility of the animals played an important role in taking Napoleon to the top. He relies on the gullibility of the strongest animals, like Boxer the horse, and the apathy of the wisest, like Benjamin the donkey. When anyone questions Napoleons version of history, he has a herd of sheep chant loudly over their protests. In Chapter nine, we read of the tragic death of Boxer, the veteran of the Battle of the Cowshed and the Battle of the Windmill. Boxers motto had always been I will work harder, (Orwell, chpt.3) and it is precisely this over exertion in rebuilding the windmill which finally causes his death. One day he collapses and is taken away to the slaughterhouse where his body parts are com mercially exploited. When the animals question this tragic death, they are yet again fooled by Squealer. The animals were relieved to hear [that, he had received] admirable care [and] expensive medicine for which Napoleon had paid without a thought as to the cost, , (Orwell, chpt.8).They are told that Boxer was given the best of the best treatment, however, couldnt survive. The animals, being gullible, calmly agree with him and are told to work even harder since Boxer is not there to help anymore. In chapter 5, when the pigs were found sleeping in beds, Clover thought that there was surely a definite rule against sleeping in beds. Muriel, she said, read me the Fourth Commandment. Does it not say something about never sleeping in a bed? (Orwell, chpt.5) However, Squealer came along to explain that a bed is merely a place to sleep in. A pile of straw in a stall is a bed, properly regarded. The rule was against sheets, which are a human invention. We have removed the sheets from the fa rà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Orwell, chpt.5) Clover eventually agreed as she could not remember and because Squealer was thought as a friend, she accepted what he said and didnt argue any further. All that year the animals worked like slaves. (Orwell, 63) The animals thought that by obeying the pigs, they were preventing the farm from disbanding. Orwell is quite literally suggesting that even if a smart person or leader says something, it cannot be assumed to be true, as demonstrated by politicians. Propaganda only succeeds if people are gullible. Squealer, described as quite the tricky pig, takes advantage of the other animals ignorance and exploits it to an unimaginable level. Squealer has all the characteristics of a successful orator; he is charismatic, intelligent, emotional, persuasive, and even hypnotic. Above all, through the use of correct words and rhetoric, he is able to manipulate language in order to gain the confidence of the animals of the farm. Squealer, being the most powerful weapon which Napoleon possesses, uses his extraordinary skills to bring Napoleon to such a height of success. Squealer constantly puts particular spins on events and conditions and he uses slogans and such to help control the other animals. For instance, when the animals question the pigs getting all the apples and milk, he replies, You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organization of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples (Orwell, chpt.3). Squealer often uses comrades to give the animals a title, a position, which really makes them feel important, useful and in place. However, when it comes to them questioning the actions of the pigs, Squealer often threatens the animals that Mr. Jones will come back, Surely, comrades, surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back? (Orwell, chpt.3) It continues to say how the animals certainly do not want Mr. Jones back. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious (Orwell, chpt.3) This comes to show how Squealer has the animals so deeply convinced, that they dont know what is actually happening. Also, Squealer often uses certain slogans that drum ideas into their head, rather than having them think about anything. Slogans such as, Tactics, comrades, tactics (Orwell, chpt.5) are used to get the interest of the animals and have them thinking about what they are doing wrong. This displays Squealers ability to use certain words and slogans to n ot only convince the animals, but have them happily agree with him. Although Squealer is a porker pig, he plays almost the main character in the novel. Without Squealers ability to persuade, Napoleon was to get nowhere. By giving Squealer such a role, Orwell is suggesting that one doesnt have to look intelligent to be intelligent, but, in fact, must know how to use their intelligence correctly, for good or for bad. The main source of power was from the correct use of rhetoric and language. Through Napoleons manipulative characteristics, the gullibility of the animals of the farm and the impressive rhetorical and propaganda skills of Squealer, reality was shaped by words. Animal farm discreetly gives out warning signs on life and what to expect of people. Using animals on a farm, Orwell tells about an unstable fight for power. Hidden warnings found in the book depend on the reader. Orwell mainly pushes the points of education as a necessity of life, there is no peace when striving for power, and words have a very large impact on the minds of others. Many things in life can be used as a warning but it is unfortunate that the warnings arent usually noticed until it is too late. None of the animals knew how much education meant, or how much the greed for power had taken over, or even that they were being lied to through the words of those very convincing pigs. By demonstrating how easily swayed the animals of the farm are by a powerful speech or strong words, Orwell is demonstrating the human vulnerability to carefully chosen words and our unfortunate ability to fall victim to the power of words without understanding the deeper meanings behind them. Work Cited Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York: Harcourt, Brace Company.1946. Print. Orwell, George. George Orwell Animal Farm. George Orwell Complete Works, biography, Quotes, Essays. Web. 14 Jan. 2011. .

Examining Historical Document of the Pinkerton National Detective Agenc

Butch Cassidy and his gang of outlaws have had a profound effect on America during the late 1800s. Because of this infamous â€Å"Wild Bunch,† the famous Pinkerton National Detective Agency produced many wanted ads for these criminals. One of these timeless works was made by the Pinkerton Agency and ended up in the hands of my college's library. This piece of historical literature dates back to about hundred years ago which has descriptions of each of Butch Cassidy and others who rode with him on his adventurous, risk taking journeys around the country. This antique piece of paper is very significant for it’s time period and is in still decent shape. Other than some tears around the corners, you can still read the entire page without a problem. This document has aged well, but still has changed its color to a brownish-beige. It also looks as if it was in either a book or a newspaper made to notify Americans of the crazed outlaws on the loose. A printing press was used to make this notification for the Pinkerton Agency, which was an astounding invention of its time to speed up the process of getting newspapers out to the public. To track down the famed â€Å"Wild Bunch,† the Pinkertons set this document with detailed descriptions of each outlaw with their picture and name underneath it. This particular antique was produced on Opera House Block in Denver Colorado. With the Pinkerton’s report, this helped catch some of the most vicious outlaws of their time. There were many men in the gang that terrorized the wes tern frontier, but the most notorious six were named and described on the document. George Parker, Harry Longbaugh, Camilla Hanks, Harvey Logan, Ben Page 2 Kilpatrick, and William Carver were all mentioned with their... ...y stole $97.00. Another important name mentioned was Ben Kilpatrick who was a native Texan, but eventually Page 5 left home and ventured into Wyoming and Utah. This is where he met Elzy Lay, who was a good friend of Butch Cassidy. Lastly, was William Carver who was also a native Texan who went by the name â€Å"B.L.† Carver. He began his life working on a ranch as a cowboy, but soon turned to the malicious ways of Butch Cassidy. He met Butch Cassidy while at a hideout called the Robbers Roost in Utah and rode with them until his death in 1901. In conclusion, this reckless group of men were constantly a focal point of their capture by the famous Pinkerton National Detective Agency during the late 18th century. With this piece of profound literature, we know a little more about our past and what it was like for these men during the time of the old wild west.

An explanation of the strain and cultural criminology theories and the criminal elements Essay

The fast-changing society is demanding improvement of the existing legal frameworks each and every day. Indisputably, this is considerably challenging the decisions made by policymakers and more especially the judiciary sector. The challenge is more intensified by the way we define the defendant, victim, and penalty imposed for any crime committed. The underlying problem is that there exist various cultural norms and natural law; which significantly differ with constitutional requirements. In other words, legal procedures are not sufficient in providing criminal facts that can help us clearly understand the criminal elements mentioned above. Nevertheless, many scholars in the field of criminology such as Robert K. Merton and Keith Hayward now believes we can rely upon the strain and cultural criminology theories. Inarguably, the relationship existing between the two theories goes beyond our expectation, more especially when analyzing any criminology case. In fact, many people have be en convinced it would be appropriate if policymakers integrate some of the facts unrevealed by these theories when making or amending the criminal laws. The paper offers a detailed explanation of the two methods and more importantly, how they can be applied in the criminal case study of Mr. Heffernan convicted of the crime of cultivating cannabis plant which is an illegal plant and supply of the same plant products as drugs to the community. The case took place in the district court, New South Wales and has since sounded the trumpet over how the proceedings were unraveling the case that Mr. Heffernan was convicted with. This will be discussed along with the criminal elements and criminal facts which were evident in the case. Strain theory argues that when an individual is pressurized by the community or by the factors in his environment, the pressure overwhelms him which forces him to satisfy his cultural inequalities and material requirements by engaging in crime as stated by (Agnew, 2001, p319) The crime, in this case, is a subject to the strain that oversees a high level of pressure that the victim cannot bear the burden of. There are numerous forms of stress best explained by GST. The diverse forms of strain do not exclude financial requirements. The fear may force one into committing a crime that he never intended. Merton in his strain theory argues that it is only a small margin of the people who face stress end up committing crimes. The group that is involved in offenses that emanate from the strain from external forces is seen as deviant since they view the world as if there exists no other solution for their problems. Morten argues that the group is then forced into crime despite the fact that it is against their will. Cultural criminology theory, however, presents a different view of such an instance. It argues that the individual rather enjoys the self-fulfilling feeling that comes about with being involved in criminal activity. The theory explains that when the personal gains the social requirements that he or she could have otherwise not achieved legally, they are left with a sense of insecurity while others feel self-fulfilled and okay when they have their requirements fulfilled. According to Presdee, (2003) Cultural criminology is distinctively conjectural, procedural and domineering slant that places criminals, cases and the control mechanism in the context of culture Linking the theory to the case of Heffernan to both methods, strain theory argues that the convicted was involved in the crime due to the strain that he was facing.   It is evident that he as the criminal was suffering from an extraordinarily high degree of anxiety that he could have otherwise avoided if he had a well-paying job if the parents were not sick if his wife had no medical complications and if he was not unwell. On the other hand, cultural criminology argues that the occurrence of the crime was purely projected from the nature of the community the offender comes from as stated by (Ferrell et al., 2004). This, therefore, makes the community to be viewed as the actual cause of the crime due because the factors that led to the offense against which Mr. Heffernan is convicted are subject to the same community. The offender presents various evidence to the jury that when analyzed helped, in coming up with a valid judgment. The case presented states that the offender is a vict im of the drugs misuse and trafficking laws which inhibit one from growing plants that are otherwise termed as illegal. It also prohibits the supply of the same to the community. Mr. Heffernan was caught with 32kgs of cannabis leaves that are more than the monetary amount which is said to be 25 kilograms as stated by (Cerdà ¡ et al., 2012, p22). He had surpassed a commercial margin which otherwise inevitably presents the idea of the sale of the same to the community. He was rather much more cooperative by taking the police to the ranch where he grew the plant. The evidence was based on the idea that the man was found in the hold of a few bags of the leaves, showed where he grew the leaves and accepted to be the only person involved with the same. Evidence presented before the jury was photographs of these bags of leaves and the plant as well as the $1400 that was in his custody. The offender argues that he has been working on a farm for over 33 years and in his work life, he has been a victim of many injuries which have presented themselves as a limiting factor to the type and the amount of work that he can be engaged in evidenced by the numerous medical rec ords submitted to the coat regarding the same. His wife’s letter also backs up the issue since its content explains how those injuries have impacted negatively on their lives and the lives of their kids. This is seen as one of the strains that the convicted is battling with that could have otherwise presented to be the cause of the crime as stated by (Agnew, 2007, p319). The offender also claims that his family has been haunted by a trail of illnesses beginning with his mother who is suffering from breast cancer and osteoarthritis. His father is also suffering from a heart disease and osteoarthritis. He has diabetes and has been needing insulin to survive bearing in mind that his wife also has health conditions that make Mr. Heffernan the only breadwinner. This trail of illnesses presents themselves as another form of strain that led to the unusual character of the victim. An aggregate of such issues may result in so much pressure that needs a person with an unyielding personality to handle. While this is seen as strain, the cultural criminology finds it as social factors which when linked caused the occurrence of the crime. This presents the social and the crime as distinctively of a parallel nature. He is also faced with some more pressure of taking care of their 14 years high school kid and the younger one in primary education. The family had just married a year ago which rather increases the commitments of the breadwinner. The offender’s family has been selling their property which was around $80000 and has now depreciated to around $60000. His house is also being mortgaged at $70000, and this would render the family homeless. He argues that it is due to this pressure that he decided to engage in this criminal act. The jury well understands the pressure that the offender is facing pointing out that an offender is a man of substance whose life has not been presented as a threat to any criminal record. The only criminal record that exists seems baseless to make an overall conclusion that the man is a criminal. Evidence presented by  Ã‚   Mr. P. Harper, the offender’s defendant. The evidence is full of commendations for the man. This evidence is based on the peopl e who know Mr. Heffernan stating that the individual’s behaviors have been outstanding, something that even the judge recognizes by saying that Mr. Heffernan is a man of excellent character in the argument number 11 0f the case. The case presents itself from a criminal act that has been catalyzed by the excessive pressure faced by the convicted by strain theory which recognizes the existence of such anomalies in individual’s life when faced with extreme pressure. The issue that revolves around the life of the convicted is a monetary issue. Money, in this case, could have been the solution to all his problems since if he had enough of it, he could have saved his parent’s property from being sold. He could also have been able to take care of his sick relatives, his sick wife and cater for the life of the kids who are still in school. He could also have not gone to the extent of growing and distributing cannabis which is the state’s laws and the drugs misuse and trafficking act of 1985. The judge recognizes all the burdens that the convicted has to bear in his life considering that he is 51 and has to take care of all this pressure. About GST and the reasons that the convicted gives regardi ng the case he has been charged with, there were a few goals that the convicted was unable to meet. His desire to cater to his family and his parents and the desires to have a well-paying job dragged him to committing this crime. The unfolding circumstances are in line with the arguments of strain theory. Cultural criminology which seeks to understand crime in the context of culture is inevitably applicable in the case. The crime was subject to subcultures which revolve around what the community around the offender does and the rules that exist governing this particular crime. The rules governing drug and substance abuse have given guidelines on the judgment against the convicted depending on the nature and the extent of the committed crime. In a nutshell, it is the society that leads to the development of the rules that exist against the offenses revolving around drug and substance abuse. The occupation of the offender and the circumstances revolving around his life which led him to commit the crime are part and puzzle of the culture and community. As strain theory argues that the crime that was committed was subjected to the pressure of the life of the convicted, cultural criminology sees it as just another culture of various subcultures that may have led to the crime. Growing of Cannabis and distributing it to the public is considered to be a crime since there are rules against it as stated by (Reuter, 2010). If the drug had to be distributed to the community, the general impact on the youths would have been dire since this is the most likely group to the issue. As such, the convicted is seen to have been an agent of community destruction since he was a man of age and a parent. He is seen to have not minded about the lives of the other kids in the community and committed the crime for monetary gain. The strain theory comes about to argue that withstanding the pressure of the life the convicted was facing needed him to have looked for an alternative way of getting money. The convicted argues that he had complications regarding his health and that he was nearing his retirement age. He was forced to grow cannabis after ordering seeds from the United Kingdom which he later planted. It is the same marijuana that was harvested and packed before it was confiscated by the police. The theory gives out a clear argument that the man had small means of supporting his family using whatever he was gaining. This case is brought out clearly by the fact that the convicted had no previous criminal records and that his life was clean therefore it is due to what seemed to be a sort of excessive pressure that led him to commit the crime. On the other hand, cultural criminology makes the mere mention of cannabis a criminal activity where any activity that is associated with the drug has been criminalized. With the building of a belief that this activity is already a crime, the theory argues that rules that forbid it are developed ensuring that those who are associated wi th cannabis are taken into justice without considering any argument or reasons behind the act. With all the associated facts and evidence having been presented, Mr. Harper claims that the case on which the offender has been convicted with is not a drug trafficking case since it was planned as a one-time business. The pressure under which the convicted was suffering from forcing him to establish a cannabis plantation which he prepared to sell only once and increase the value of the ranch. This was one of the strain factors that made him respond to the pressure by involving himself in the crime. The judge, however, argues that it is irresponsible for a man with a family to release cannabis of a monetary amount to the society which would impact negatively on the lives of the youths as stated by (Lowinson, 2005). The judgment against both crimes was supposed to be ten years for the crime of growing cannabis and 15 years for trafficking.   The judge at the end of it all understands the pressure that the convicted was facing and gives him a sentence of two and a half years. The strain theory gives out a sense of reasoning and weighing of matters such that the degree of pressure was duly recognized by the jury. The cultural criminology theory, on the other hand, views the crime generally as breaking the law that originated from the same issue. It argues that the moral standards of the community which harbors the roots of the law have declined. The argument here is that the community from which the convicted comes from and the crime that was committed is viewed as one and the same thing. With the weak empirical evidence in support of the strain theory, the presented arguments were not sufficient to ensure that the convicted was set free. Rather it just explains the problems that the law class individuals are facing without taking into consideration of the larger picture of the community and the white collar crimes as stated by (Aseltine et al., 2000, p256). Crimes in such levels are the ones that decapitate the community. The theory deals with individuals rather than the community on which the crime and the criminals thrive. These issues are well explained by the cultural criminology theory which does not only just present its arguments from a particular line or level of crimes. It digs into every crime be it white collar or any other sort of the offense. Conclusion The case presented above shows how strain can cause various crimes. The arguments put forward to show that some forms of tension can be so haunting such that the victim ends up being involved illegal activities that end up bringing peace to the life of the victim. The judge, however, takes into consideration the strain that the convicted is facing, and from this, a valid judgment is given. As the strain theory views this crime as a result of pressure, the cultural criminology sees it as the larger picture of the nature of the community from which the convicted comes from. However, the theories try to explain the kind of judgment that is passed as not usual from the rest since consideration depending on the prevailing circumstance is taken note of. Reference Agnew, R., 2001. Building on the foundation of general strain theory: Specifying the types of strain most likely to lead to crime and delinquency. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 38(4), pp.319-361. Agnew, R., 2007. Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory. Aseltine Jr, R.H., Gore, S. and Gordon, J., 2000. Life stress, anger and anxiety, and delinquency: An empirical test of general strain theory. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, pp.256-275. Cerdà ¡, M., Wall, M., Keyes, K.M., Galea, S. and Hasin, D., 2012. Medical marijuana laws in 50 state: investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use, abuse, and dependence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 120(1), pp.22-27. Chan, J.B., 1997. Changing police culture: Policing in a Multicultural Society. Cambridge University Press. Ferrell, J., Hayward, K., Morrison, W., and Presdee, M. eds., 2004. Cultural criminology unleashed. Routledge. Lowinson, J.H. ed., 2005. Substance abuse: A comprehensive textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mazerolle, P., Piquero, A.R. and Capowich, G.E., 2003. Examining the links between strain, situational and dispositional anger, and crime further specifying and testing general strain theory. Youth & Society, 35(2), pp.131-157. Presdee, M., 2003. Cultural criminology and the carnival of crime. Routledge. Reuter, P., 2010. Marijuana legalization: what can be learned from other countries. Baltimore, MD: RAND Drug Policy Research Center, University of Maryland.

Free Essays on Motivation

Motivation Ever since the beginning of time, all people have been motivated. Motivated to succeed, motivated to conquer, and motivated to be the best. But what is this thing we call motivation? Motivation is the energizing and directing of behavior, the force behind our yearning for food, our longing for sexual intimacy, and our desire to achieve. There are different theories concerning our motivated behavior. Instincts were one of the theories under Darwin’s influence, early theories viewed behavior as controlled by many biological forces, such as specific instincts. This approach fell into disfavor when it became clear that people where naming, and not explaining various behaviors by calling them instincts. The underlining idea-that genes predispose species-typical behaviors is still influential in evolutionary psychology. Drives and Incentives is another theory created by psychologists. Psychologists say that drives and incentives are psychological needs create aroused psychological circumstances that drive us to reduce or satisfy those needs. The aim of drive reduction is internal stability, or homeostasis. Thus, drive reduction motivates survival such as eating and drinking. Not only are we pushed by our internal drives, but also we are pulled by our external incentives. Depending on our personal and cultural experience, some stimuli will arouse our desires. Optimum Arousal is one of the latest theories developed by psychologists. This theory provides us with the understanding that rather then reducing a physiological need or tension state, some motivated behaviors increase arousal. Curiosity-driven behaviors, for example, suggest that two little as well as to much stimulation can motivate people to seek an optimum level of arousal. Another example would be that well-fed animals will leave their shelter to explore, seemingly in the absents of any need-based drive. For taking such risks, animal may, however, gain informat... Free Essays on Motivation Free Essays on Motivation Student Motivation to Learn Infants and young children appear to be propelled by curiosity, driven by an intense need to explore, interact with, and make sense of their environment. As one author puts it, "Rarely does one hear parents complain that their pre-schooler is 'unmotivated' " (James Raffini 1993). Unfortunately, as children grow, their passion for learning frequently seems to shrink. Learning often becomes associated with drudgery instead of delight. A large number of studentsmore than one in fourleave school before graduating. Many more are physically present in the classroom but largely mentally absent; they fail to invest themselves fully in the experience of learning. Awareness of how students' attitudes and beliefs about learning develop and what facilitates learning for its own sake can assist educators in reducing student apathy. What Is Student Motivation? Student motivation naturally has to do with students' desire to participate in the learning process. But it also concerns the reasons or goals that underlie their involvement or noninvolvement in academic activities. Although students may be equally motivated to perform a task, the sources of their motivation may differ. A student who is INTRINSICALLY motivated undertakes an activity "for its own sake, for the enjoyment it provides, the learning it permits, or the feelings of accomplishment it evokes" (Mark Lepper 1988). An EXTRINSICALLY motivated student performs "IN ORDER TO obtain some reward or avoid some punishment external to the activity itself," such as grades, stickers, or teacher approval (Lepper). The term MOTIVATION TO LEARN has a slightly different meaning. It is defined by one author as "the meaningfulness, value, and benefits of academic tasks to the learnerregardless of whether or not they are intrinsically interesting" (Hermine Marshall 1987). Another notes that motivation to learn is characterized by long-term, quality involvement in le... Free Essays on Motivation What Motivates People to Change? Most people change because they want to change an aspect of their personality, appearance, or lifestyle. They are unhappy about how they feel, look, or how their lives are. I’ve asked myself plenty of times what I can do to change certain bad habits of mine, and how I can improve myself as a person. Most people change because they are in pain either emotional or physical. They feel uncomfortable with how they are living and how they feel about themselves. Therefore it results in people self motivating themselves to change what makes them uncomfortable. The emotional and physical pain gives us the courage to take actions to change, although it may be difficult. As people we deal with situations differently than others. It varies from person to person on how we experience our pain and deal with it. For example, a young woman who wants to lose a little weight, to look like the super model type slim and attractive to feel good about themselves. They go through an extent of emotio nal pain trying to lose that weight and keep it off. Compared too another women who feels comfortable with her weight, and has no pressure to change, therefore pain is not apart of changing herself. On the other hand pain has many benefits, it definitely helps us in developing healthy habits. It provides incentive for people to change their bad habits. For example someone recognizing they have a problem with drugs or alcohol. They take steps to stop drinking or using drugs. They get sick of all the problems that alcohol or drugs have caused in their lives. They realize they have an addiction and want to get help. So they go to a therapist, rehabilitation institutes, or programs to help them out like the AA, to help them rebuilt their life and self-esteem. Another way people can change is by biological growth and entering to the next phase of their lives. People change if they are acted upon forces in which causes th... Free Essays on Motivation Motivation Ever since the beginning of time, all people have been motivated. Motivated to succeed, motivated to conquer, and motivated to be the best. But what is this thing we call motivation? Motivation is the energizing and directing of behavior, the force behind our yearning for food, our longing for sexual intimacy, and our desire to achieve. There are different theories concerning our motivated behavior. Instincts were one of the theories under Darwin’s influence, early theories viewed behavior as controlled by many biological forces, such as specific instincts. This approach fell into disfavor when it became clear that people where naming, and not explaining various behaviors by calling them instincts. The underlining idea-that genes predispose species-typical behaviors is still influential in evolutionary psychology. Drives and Incentives is another theory created by psychologists. Psychologists say that drives and incentives are psychological needs create aroused psychological circumstances that drive us to reduce or satisfy those needs. The aim of drive reduction is internal stability, or homeostasis. Thus, drive reduction motivates survival such as eating and drinking. Not only are we pushed by our internal drives, but also we are pulled by our external incentives. Depending on our personal and cultural experience, some stimuli will arouse our desires. Optimum Arousal is one of the latest theories developed by psychologists. This theory provides us with the understanding that rather then reducing a physiological need or tension state, some motivated behaviors increase arousal. Curiosity-driven behaviors, for example, suggest that two little as well as to much stimulation can motivate people to seek an optimum level of arousal. Another example would be that well-fed animals will leave their shelter to explore, seemingly in the absents of any need-based drive. For taking such risks, animal may, however, gain informat... Free Essays on Motivation The main question facing managers in an organization is motivation, how does it work, when to apply and to whom they should apply on. In today’s organization, motivation plays an important role in determining whether a company will succeed or not. What is motivation? Motivation is the set of attitudes and values that predispose a person to act in a specific goal directed manner. It is an invisible inner state that energizes the human goal-directed behavior, which can be divided into two components which is the direction of a behavior9 working to reach a goal) and the strength of the behavior (how hard or strong the individual will work. Within an organization the desired goals are often clearly defined. In motivation a manager normally seeks to change or maintain certain environmental factors so as to influence the inner drives which may change or sustain the behaviors of his subordinates. The key challenge facing managers in terms of motivation is how to encourage workers to contribute inputs to their jobs and to the organization. Managers want workers to be motivated to contribute inputs ( efforts, specific job behaviors, skills, knowledge, time and experience ) because inputs influence job performance and ultimately, organizational performance. Workers are concerned with obtaining outcomes from the organizations-extrinsic outcomes( pay and job security ) and intrinsic outcomes ( a feeling of accomplishment from doing a good job or the pleasure of doing interesting work. In an organization, different employees have different needs, therefore managers must be able to establish their needs and be able to apply different motivational tolls to satisfy different needs. At the core of motivation is human needs satisfaction. The inner drives within an individual are believed to be activated to give rise to appropriate behavior, where such behavior could lead to the fulfillment of the needs. Maslow, in his hierarchy of needs theory... Free Essays on Motivation Motivation What is motivation? Motivation is difficult to explain and even harder to â€Å"turn on† in people. Webster defines motivation as â€Å"an act or process of motivating; the condition of being motivated; a force, stimulus, or influence: incentive or drive† (â€Å"Motivation†). It is most often the job of the manager to use motivation to drive its employees to accomplish acts which they normally would not have done. The study of motivation helps managers understand what prompts people to initiate action, what influences their choice of action, and why they persist in their action over time (Daft and Marcic 444). Over the years many theorist have studied the human condition of motivation, and learned various techniques to help managers figure out what makes employees seek to attain higher knowledge, wealth, prosperity, and happiness in their work. One most noted theorist is Abraham Maslow; he carried out his investigations into human behavior and developed the hierarchy of needs theory. Maslow suggested that there are five sets of goals which may be called basic needs. These five are physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization- that exists in a hierarchical order and can be compared to climbing a ladder. Once a lower level need has been fulfilled, the person seeks to fulfill the next higher level. This progression leads to self actualization as being the highest level (Daft and Marcic 447-49). Another best known contributor to the behavior of individuals at work was Douglas McGregor. McGregor had an extensive background in management and consultation; he was also a trained psychologist (Daft and Marcic 37). In 1960, he published a book called, â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise.† In his book he examined two models which he called Theory X and Theory Y. The Theory X management assumes most people prefer to be directed, are not interested in assuming responsibility, and want safety above ev... Free Essays on Motivation Motivation Personal Motivation- The Individual’s View Understanding what motivates people is at the core of relating to people at all levels. According to Webster’s dictionary, (Webster, 1976) to motivate is to provide with, or affect as, an inner drive, impulse, or incentive that causes one to act. A motivation can be a cause, purpose, or idea according the Thesaurus. (Webster 1997). Motivation causes behavior, incites action. Personal motivational drives may include pride, desire for greatness, competitive spirit, serving others, doing the right thing, overcoming all odds. (Katzenbach, 1995, p.91) When studying motivation, the classic motivational theories of McGregor, Herzberg, and Maslow must not be forgotten, as illustrated in Figures 1,2, and 3. McGregor characterized people into two groups, labeled X and Y. Herzberg identified a two-factor theory regarding the motivation of employees. The motivation factors, when present, tend to create satisfaction or motivation in the min ds of employees. The hygiene factors, when absent or perceived as inadequate, can create dissatisfied employees; yet, when present, do not add to satisfaction or serve to motivate. Maslow suggested people are motivated by a set of internal needs. They range from the lowest-order needs of Physiological to the highest-order need of Self-actualization. Individuals are motivated at their level of need, and once a lower-order need is satisfied, the next higher-order need becomes the individual’s motivational drive. Author Kenneth Van Sickle believes that the motivational theories represented by McGregor (Theory X, Theory Y) and Herzberg (Hygiene Seeker, Motivation Seeker) reflects two distinct personality types. These two personalities can be defined relative to Maslow’s Hierarchy, and he labels these personalities Low-order Need Person and High-order Need Person. The Low-order Need Person, or LONP, operates at the lower three levels of Maslow’s Hiera...

Free Essays on War On Crime ( GOV)

Every candidate for Federal elective office is asked what he or she proposes to do about violent crime. They usually promise more than they or the Federal government can deliver. Poll takers often pose a question such as: "Which presidential candidate do you think will do the most to reduce violent inner-city crime?" Both the candidate who talks about Federal criminal laws reducing local violent crime and the polls miss a major point. The Federal criminal justice system does not have jurisdiction over the vast majority of violent crime. It is not normally a Federal crime to assault, rob, rape, or kill an ordinary citizen. In 1988 of the 43,550 defendants convicted in Federal court only 2139 were charged with violent crime. That is less than five percent. Of 667,366 convictions in state courts in 1988, nearly 100,000 were for violent crime. Of the more than 300,000 jail inmates, probably a majority are there for crimes of violence. The Federal criminal-justice system processes about two percent of the overall violent criminal defendants. Two percent! "Police powers" are reserved to the states by our Constitution. We have no Federal police force like the Russian KGB, only investigative agencies that investigate specific Federal crimes. Most Federal criminal statutes are based on the authority to regulate interstate commerce and to raise taxes. For example, kidnapping is a Federal crime only if the victim is taken across a state line. Congress and the Federal courts often use creative leaps in legal logic to get the nose of the Federal camel under the tent. The robbery of a state-chartered bank is a Federal crime if the bank's deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). And on and on. Reflect, if you will, on some proposed Federal death-penalty crimes. The Administration's current bill authorizes the death penalty in a kidnapping (across state lines) where death results, in murder for hire,... Free Essays on War On Crime ( GOV) Free Essays on War On Crime ( GOV) Every candidate for Federal elective office is asked what he or she proposes to do about violent crime. They usually promise more than they or the Federal government can deliver. Poll takers often pose a question such as: "Which presidential candidate do you think will do the most to reduce violent inner-city crime?" Both the candidate who talks about Federal criminal laws reducing local violent crime and the polls miss a major point. The Federal criminal justice system does not have jurisdiction over the vast majority of violent crime. It is not normally a Federal crime to assault, rob, rape, or kill an ordinary citizen. In 1988 of the 43,550 defendants convicted in Federal court only 2139 were charged with violent crime. That is less than five percent. Of 667,366 convictions in state courts in 1988, nearly 100,000 were for violent crime. Of the more than 300,000 jail inmates, probably a majority are there for crimes of violence. The Federal criminal-justice system processes about two percent of the overall violent criminal defendants. Two percent! "Police powers" are reserved to the states by our Constitution. We have no Federal police force like the Russian KGB, only investigative agencies that investigate specific Federal crimes. Most Federal criminal statutes are based on the authority to regulate interstate commerce and to raise taxes. For example, kidnapping is a Federal crime only if the victim is taken across a state line. Congress and the Federal courts often use creative leaps in legal logic to get the nose of the Federal camel under the tent. The robbery of a state-chartered bank is a Federal crime if the bank's deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). And on and on. Reflect, if you will, on some proposed Federal death-penalty crimes. The Administration's current bill authorizes the death penalty in a kidnapping (across state lines) where death results, in murder for hire,...

Increase Team Effectiveness Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Increase Team Effectiveness - Research Proposal Example Everybody had different ideas and we all wanted to get our point across. We could not even come to an agreement during this first meeting on the different topics each would be working on. An initiative of mine that was approved during this meeting was the creation of a schedule of meetings. We made a rule that if at least 3 members were available for the meeting it would be realized if 50% were absent the meeting would be canceled. I thought we did accomplish good brainstorming and we got to know each other. We deviated a bit from the business talk and learned about each other life’s. We got along pretty good on the personal level, but as the business unit, it seemed we were not clicking yet. There was no clear leader in the group and since there was a bit of a power struggle we decide it would be best not to give any member the official team leader nomination. Maybe this was a mistake. A team works better when it was clear directions. Many companies utilize the team leader organizational structure as a tool to increase the efficiency of the various teams working in different areas of the business. The importance of the team leader can be seen more clearly in the role he plays in the decision-making process. The list below provides some a list of functions the team leader realizes. In our second meeting, some important tasks were accomplished. Each team member knew what they would be writing about. We stipulated a deadline for final submission. I noticed in this second meeting the same trend as in the first one. A lot of talk about things not related to the project.

Public and private Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public and private - Essay Example Women tend to suffer more economic and emotional Regression than a man. The reasons are manifold. Firstly, many of them were providing for their kids singlehandedly, with a little or no help from their former husbands. Secondly, gender bias also affects the availability of opportunities in job market. As a result most of them remained Underpaid and over burdened with increasing budget deficit. However, a small number of these women that Arendell called â€Å"a unique sub group† did not show similar desperation as majority of the others did. According to Rendell most of them had a substantial support system from either their parents or legal settlement of property or their marriage experience was so unbearably painful that even a sense of Liberation could make them sufficiently optimistic. (Arendell, 1986) Thus, the study discussed in the present article Shows that a divorced woman in America is largely a victim of socioeconomic deprivation and is surrounded by a strange fear o f unpredictable future. This together with the psychological pressure, Complexes and Dilemmas rob them off all capacities to see a ray of light at the end of the tunnel. Increasingly common phenomenon i.e. â€Å"divorce†. The women interviewed were all passing through a Phase where they experience painful surprises on every day basis. A situation where just cost cutting Does not help let alone maintaining the pre divorced standard of living. Another very significant Concept discussed was the plight of single parenting which has both financial and emotional Repercussions. The article also touched upon the gender inequality in work opportunities and the Amount of social downturn a woman experience as opposed to man, as Peterson discussed in his book â€Å"Women, Work and Divorce† and I quote ,† Divorced women, like other women continue to be at a disadvantage in labor market. The level of occupational