Business analysis of Merbatty

CIMA Global Business Challenge 2014 MNA206Management Accounting II Semester2 2013-2014 Mid-term assignment ContentBackground 1.1 Industrial background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 1.2 Merbatty’s background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .4 – 5SWOT analysis 2.1 Strength 2.1.1 Large portion of economic of scale†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 5 2.1.2 Low involvement rate during tough economic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ 5 2.1.3 Advantages of naming on the stock market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ 5 2.1.4 Improve public image by Charitable work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ ..5 2.1.5 Latest technology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ ..5 2.2 Weakness 2.2.1 Less control of outsourcing interior designers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ .6 2.2.2 Disadvantages of a public limited company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 2.2.3 Narrow produce theoretical accounts and weak gross revenues allocation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ .6 2.3 Opportunities 2.3.2 Five old ages program including new theoretical accounts production†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .6 2.3.3 Five old ages program including new gross revenues offices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .6 2.3.4 Opening of 3rd boat edifice facility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ 6 2.3.5 Introduction of new technology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 2.4 Threats 2.4.1 Competitors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ 7 2.4.2 Restriction of production capacity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .7Ratio analysis 3.1 Liquidity ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 7 3.2 Profitability ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ 7 – 8 3.3 Efficiency ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .8 3.4 Investing ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ ..8Problem analysis 4.1 Accident at work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 – 10 4.2 Rushing boat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦10 – 11 4.3 Late bringing of a hull from Topcrest†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦ †¦ ..11 – 12Proposals analysis 5.1 New design provider for 3rd boat edifice facility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..12 – 13 5.2 Gross saless staff employment issue†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13Ethical issues 6.1 Rushing boat issue†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 6.3 Subsequently bringing from Topcrest issue†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Background1.1 IndustrialEuropean were being the leader of the leisure boat edifice industry until the recent 20 century, the USA and Australia has come in and portion the market as one of the developed luxury boat edifice states. Changes with the times, people live longer and bask more leisure clip, the demand of luxury boats as a consequence addition greatly and correspondingly the quality of leisure boats. The mark clients of luxury boats are major come from the upper category who are affluent and successful. To them, they ever don’t have much restriction on the disbursement to the boat and hence they tend to hold higher criterions of demand on the quality of the boat. That makes the luxury boat industry to be more customer-oriented. On the other manus, with the new station of environmental statute law ( Recreational Craft Directive ) in EU and USA increases the cost of the industry.1.2 MerbattyMerbatty is a luxury boat edifice company which has a 33 old ages history located in the Northern of EU. There are two boat mills locate at the USA and the EU. There are about 2200 employees working in the two mills. It goes public in 2012 and presently issued 120 million portion at monetary value of ˆ2.8. Thus, the shareholding of the president drops to 30 % and the JKL has become the 2nd big shareholding with 28 % shareholding. Merbatty are presently selling 15 types of boats with different sizes in assorted monetary values. Base on the cardinal cost, clients can hold their ain specific direction for the interior design of the boat with extra payment. The edifice procedure varies from three to ten months depending on different theoretical account and size of the boat. Beyond EU and USA, Merbatty employs gross revenues agents worldwide to bring forth gross revenues from different parts of the universe. In twelvemonth 2012, Merbatty had a gross revenues record of 280 boats which account 8 % of the planetary market. The major gross revenues are chiefly come f rom Flybridge and Cruisers Model which are comparatively lower monetary value theoretical accounts. The EU made up the largest net income proportion with ˆ219 and following by USA made a benefit of ˆ148.SWOT Analysis2.1 Strengths2.1.1 Large portion of economic of graduated tableDuring 2012, Merbatty have a boats production record of 280 boats which occupy the planetary market portion at 8 % . Therefore could set Merbatty in the competitory advantage.2.1.2 Low involvement rate during tough economicDue to the tough economic system environment, Governments tends to implement quantitative easing pecuniary policy, which increase the supply of money, and lower the involvement rate. Thus would be a benefit to the Merbatty as they enjoy a lower involvement rate on the new loan of ˆ200m.2.1.3 Advantages of naming on the stock marketMerbatty became a listed company in the 2012, it can so bask assorted beginnings of finance.2.1.4 Improve public image by Charitable workAs the presid ent of Merbatty has been ever involved in charitable work, therefore aid Merbatty to do betterment of image over the populace.2.1.5 LatestengineeringMerbatty is presently utilizing the latest engineering, including Computer Numerical Controlled ( CNC ) machining and robotic spray systems. Therefore can assist to cut down the costs of production.2.2 Failings2.2.1 Less control of outsourcing interior interior decoratorsMerbatty decides to outsource several elements of its interior design services. Therefore would take to loss of direction control and merchandise quality jobs.2.2.2 Disadvantages of a populace limited companyEvery coin has two sides, as Merbatty is being a populace limited company, has to portion its net income with outside stockholders and increase its disposal disbursals.2.2.3 Narrow produce theoretical accounts and weak gross revenues allotmentMerbatty is presently selling 15 types of self-praises, which is rather a narrow picks provide to its clients. Therefore may set Merbatty in the competitory disadvantage.2.3 Opportunities2.3.1 Five old ages program including new theoretical accounts productionMerbatty is be aftering to bring forth a much wider scope of new boat theoretical accounts. Thus would assist to work out the failing of non holding adequate diverseness of boat theoretical accounts as rivals which mentioned above.2.3.2 Five old ages program including new gross revenues officesMerbatty will open gross revenues offices in over 20 locations around the universe and to end some gross revenues agents’ contracts. Thus would wider the gross revenues web of the company,2.3.3 Opening of 3rd boat edifice installationThe 3rd boat edifice installation located at the Surania would be a great competitory advantage to the Merbatty. Thus could supply a scope of targeted services to the great demand from Middle East.2.3.4 Introduction of newengineeringMerbatty has introduced the provider evaluation systems and Cardinal Performance Indicators ( KPI’s ) to keep a closer relationship and to construct a long standing relationship with its provider.2.4 Menaces2.4.1 RivalsMerbatty merely focus on the edifice of boats powered by engines and doesn’t include other types of leisure boats, as a consequence it would restrict its fight towards other boats builders and set its rivals in a competitory advantages.2.4.2 Restriction of production capacityConfronting the increasing demand of luxury boats, the capacity of Merbatty’s two installations would make the impregnation point.Ratio analysis3.1 Liquidity Ratios20122011Current ratio3.150.793.1.1 Current ratioThe current ratio of 2012 addition quickly from 2011 which from 0.79 to 3.15. The state of affairs reflect that the liquidness degree of the company has a important addition, which means the company has hold more hard currency than that of receivables. Other the other manus, 3.15 is considered to be a excessively high current ratio that shows the Merbatty may non expeditiously utilizing its current assets in coevals of net income.3.2 Profitability Ratios20122011Net income border8 %7 %ROCE0.090.213.2.1 Net income borderThe net income border of Merbatty had a really little addition of 1 % from twelvemonth 2011 to twelvemonth 2012, which explains that the gross revenues status and disbursals incurred is remain changeless for the past twelvemonth.3.2.3 ROCESimilar to the excessively high current ratio, a diminishing ROCE of Merbatty one time once more indicates the inefficiently usage of its capital investings. 3.3 Efficiency Ratio20122011Asset turnover0.520.803.3.1 Asset turnoverA lower plus turnover ratio than old twelvemonth could be a strong grounds that Merbatty is presently utilizing its assets in an inefficient manner.3.4 Investment Ratio20122011Gearing0.250.40EPS0.220.663.4.1 Gearing ratioA diminishing geartrain ratio would be a positive alteration to the company, which means that the debts of Merbatty had decreased from last twelvemonth. The pitching ratio of Merbatty is 0.25 ( & A ; lt ; 1 ) which can be considered as healthy.3.4.2 EPSMerbatty is presently sing a lessening of EPS while it holding an increasing net income. The dropped EPS is caused by the new issue of portions of Merbatty, as there is no large alterations on its net income generated in both old ages while its portion issued had increased from 2011 ( 30m ) to 2012 ( 90M ) .Problemanalysis4.1 Accidenct at work4.1.1 Impact of the jobRecently Paulo, a Scotsman of Merbatty, had felt down while he is working on a hull an d had broken his leg because he arrived for work high on drug. This reflects that there is non adequate security cheque for bad workers of Merbatty. Besides on the other manus shows that the working guideline is non perform purely. When employees are injured during occupation, it may do unhappiness and fright in workers around the on the job environment. Employees may be hesitating to go on with the undertaking environing the inflectional morphology topographic point. Therefore would damage the morale of employee. Thereafter, Merbatty has to manage the aftercare works with utmost cautious because the populace, including the brotherhood, are following really closely on the issue. Once the public consider the company makes improper actions, it will convey serious amendss to the image and repute of the company. In November 2009, 6 workers were unluckily fall down from a faulty lift and caused decease during the building procedure of the International Commerce Centre in Hong Kong. The d eceased’s households urged the developer, Sun Hung Kai Properties, to explicate the accident. The developer non simply provided no account but besides tried to cover the renters in nearby. Such improper managing drawn the choler of the populace, the brotherhood so raised presentations to knock the unscrupulous of the Sun Hung Kai Properties.4.1.2 Solutions1. Merely to let go of a compensation to Paulo and to cover the accident to the populace. 2. To supply a good aftercare ( compensation and medical service ) to Paulo and to apologise to the populace about the improper implement of safety guideline and promise to better.4.1.3 RecommendationSolution 2 are recommended as it benefits the company in both short term and long term. In short term, supplying a good aftercare to the victim could keep employees’ morale and do the paused undertaking continue. In long term, it is a good manner to apologise before any public sentiment come out. Because this could avoid the company image being damaged by ballyhoos.4.1.4 ProblemBy solution 1, if it is running good with the covering work on the accident, there would non be a rigorous feedback from the populace, therefore aid to cut costs and shorten the stairss it may necessitate to take comparison to solution 2. The company on the other manus has to bear the hazard that if the covering work is fail, there would be an irreversible harm to the company.4.2 Rushing Boat4.2.1Impact of the jobJesper is the market manager of Merbatty. He has an thought to advance Merbatty’s top boat P-3000 through rushing boat. Although the rushing boat cost a batch to Merbatty, Jesper has do a computation and analysis on the P-3000 costing. He believes that the gross revenues of P-3000 after the publicity through rushing boat can cover the cost spent on rushing boat. However, the president of Merbatty Alberto feels dismayed about the event of rushing boat. Alberto thought passing on rushing boat to advance the boat of Merbatty is blowing of money while without any warrant of success. 4.2.2 Solving the jobAlberto and Jesper can hold a meeting to discourse about the issue about the racing boat event. Other stockholder can give advices on the issue and happen out the best manner.Other than publicity through rushing boat, there are still a batch of events that can advance Merbatty. May be they can do some advertizement or go to some boat exhibition to catch notice.4.2.3 RecommendationSolution 1 is the best options, other stockholders have the rights to vote for the proposal and advices in the meeting. Merely two work forces thoughts are non plenty, may be the proposal works and attract batch of clients. 4.2.4 Problem Solution 2 may set the company into a high hazard of loss because of non guaranteed of net income.4.3 Late bringing of a hull from Topcrest4.3.1 Impact of the jobAs there are non a batch of providers picks that Merbatty can take and the contract was excessively moneymaking to turn down, the best thought is to trust on Topcrest. A late hull deliver would give a bad repute to the concern. However, Topcrest offered a sensible compensation to Merbatty, which can work out the merbatty’s short term fiscal jobs. For illustration, a figure of little parts such as chemical coating or adhesive agents such as capacitive providers frequently have to confront Apple ‘s demanding demands and forcing for lower monetary values. Apple will inquire the makers â€Å" if they have the ability to make this? Or we will happen another provider, † It can normally coerce providers into entry. Confronting such a big individual concern, the bulk of providers will be pushed to the bound of th e production line, and Apple can therefore cut down costs. This is in fact the bulk of big companies control the agencies of cost. Furthermore, for case iphone 6 needed sapphire glass for the phone. There is non a batch of companies sell sapphire glass in the universe and making the criterions of Apple is more hard. This shows Apple has no better trades from other companies, merely like Merbatty has no better options than Topcrest.4.3.2 Solving the jobMerbatty could take another hull provider.Merbatty can accept the offer by Topcrest. In the interim, Merbatty can happen other more dependable providers.If Topcrest and Merbatty have a contract and Topcrest failed to finish the offer which includes good quality and warrant no late bringing, Merbatty can action for breach of contract and possible get more compensation. The compensation they get can put on other dependable providers.4.3.3 RecommendationShort term Finding other providers in such short clip would be hard, hence Merbatty should accept the offer by Topcrest. They have good quality of hulls and besides would give compensate for the hold. If Merbatty decides to happen other providers, they can non vouch that the hulls would get on clip and they would hold a higher loss. Long term Merbatty should happen more different providers and negotiate to hold the best trade for the hereafter. They can trust on more providers and avoid late bringing. 4.3.4 Problem Solution 2 should be the best option to work out the job. First, it can work out the job instantly that hull has non plenty to utilize in Merbatty. Second, Merbatty can still happen better providers to avoid the job in the hereafter in the interim.Proposalsanalysis5.1 New design provider for 3rd boat edifice installation5.1.1 Background of proposalThe 3rd boat edifice installation located in Surania was approved by Merbatty Board on March 2012. Lukas Dian has provided the background information of two possible design companies that willing to work for the new Surania Facility, the Merbatty has to do the pick.5.1.2 Discussions1. Cooper DesignCooper Designs is a Western European multinational boat interior design concern company. It has a new office which is located in Dubaria, 200 stat mis off from the Suranian boat edifice installation. It is a successful designing company supplying high quality services and its designs are winning the best modern design awards. Furthermore the Coope r make full usage of computing machine assisted design techniques ( CAD ) and provides an extranet service leting clients to remotely see the current design for their boat at any clip. 2. Arabian Insides Arabian Interiors is a four year-old company but it has won acknowledgment at the 2013 Dubaria international boat show for the best Arabian designed boat inside. The company’s employees are local people who are good educated and full trained in the usage of the latest CAD systems.5.1.3 RecommendationsFor suggestion to Merbatty, it is a good manner for it to take the Arabian Interiors. Although it has been founded for four old ages, it already got an award from the 2013 Dubaria international boat show. The hazard of utilizing this interior decorator is lower because the employees are well-training to the latest Cad system.5.2 Gross saless staff employment issue5.2.1 Background of the proposalThe Merbatty gross revenues manager, Mr. Stefan Gil and HR manager Marie Lopp had discussed about employ gross revenues staff as oppose to agents.5.2.2 Discussions1. Opinion of Mr. Gil Gross saless agents are more motivated to sell the merchandises. And most of the boat merchandising concerns have been used this for twelvemonth and Merbatty should seek to maintain the state of affairs if there is no profitable issues. 2. Opinion of Miss Lopp The growing of Merbatty boats’ monetary value presents are more low-cost by the clients. Most of the mark market of agents are non the same as Merbatty’s mark while the gross revenues staff of Merbatty can indicating to the company’s chief market.5.2.3 RecommendationIt is a good suggestion to maintain the state of affairs now as agents have their ain client dealingss that Merbatty do non hold at this minute, it may cut down its fight and diminish the gross revenues of merchandises if Merbatty lost its gross revenues agents.Ethical issues6.1 Rushing boat issueIn the instance, Jesper involves his opportunism to asseverate himself on the concern and is non objectivity plenty. Without any confirmed analysis and grounds, Jesper assert that there will be a excess gross revenues of the P-3000. Thus would set the stockholders on a high hazard to loss.6.2 Subsequently bringing from Topcrest issueIn the instance, the late bringing from Topcrest would impact the repute of M erbatty because therefore may do a late bringing of Merbatty to its clients. The careless of Topcrest shows that it merely base on its ain involvement and neglect the honestness between Topcrest and Merbatty.MentionNg, Maggie. Death of 6 at ICC an accident, medical examiner regulations. ( 11stDec, 2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scmp.com/article/733022/death-6-icc-accident-coroner-rules ( visited 23rdMarch 2014 )1

The Realm of African-American Literature

In the realm of African-American literature, poet and writer Langston Hughes is considered one of the primary proponents that gave birth and development to the genre of Harlem Renaissance. This genre, which enjoyed popularity and support in the late 1920s until mid-1930s, was a cultural movement that depicted the life of â€Å"new Negros,† second-generation black Americans and direct descendants of African slaves in America. Harlem Renaissance was known for its incorporation of music, particularly jazz and the blues, in its everyday mirroring of African-American life through literature. Hughes as a major proponent of the Harlem Renaissance movement created literary pieces that sought to express his thoughts and feelings as an African-American artist while at the same time, providing social criticism against the oppressive nature of the predominantly white American society. His literary works, in effect, became channels through which he was able to artistically express his and his fellow African-Americans' sentiments about the realities they face in American society. Among Hughes major works of literature, the short story â€Å"The Blues I'm Playing† depict the dynamics that both white and black Americans experienced during the early 20th century. In this period, there was still evident division and discrimination between white and black Americans, with the black Americans gradually emerging as a major force in American society through their unique culture. â€Å"Blues† effectively illustrated the dynamics among Americans, white and black alike, as they struggled to assert the superiority of their respective race, culture, as well as gender. It is then this paper's main thrust to discuss and analyze â€Å"Blues† in the context of three prevalent themes illustrated in the story: friction between white and black Americans through conflicting views about each group/sector's race, culture, and viewpoints about gender roles. More specifically, the analysis involves a character analysis of Oceola Jones and Mrs Dora Ellsworth, a black American and white American, respectively. The character analysis centers on the presence or absence of change in the life of Oceola as she delved herself deeper into white American culture, and how, despite Mrs Ellsworth's efforts to â€Å"acuulturate† her in white American society, Oceola's roots and inherent ‘black Americanness' prevailed. In the end, Oceola ended up being more triumphant, cultivated, and artistic than her patron Mrs Ellsworth. In illustrating the changes that occurred to Oceola during her process of acculturation to the white American elitist society, it is vital to demonstrate these changes through the themes of conflict between her and Mrs Ellsworth in terms of their respective race, culture, and gender. Noticeable throughout the story was Oceola's seemingly passive attitude towards Mrs Ellsworth pretentious belief that she was, indeed, one of the few people who truly recognize art in its purest form. In contrast to Oceola, Mrs Ellsworth, because of her wealthy stature, took an active role in pursuing and creating what she called â€Å"pure art† through the proteges she had recruited through the years. The first theme of racial conflict emerged when Mrs Ellsworth expressed her traditional and prejudiced views about Oceola and black Americans in general. Though Mrs Ellsworth was congenial towards Oceola, her persistence to cling to society's prejudice against black Americans was immediately demonstrated through her desire to educate Oceola on the principles of pure art, avoiding, the best she can, to acknowledge the fact that she was a black American. Her attitude was reiterated once again in her insistence to acknowledge the genius of one of her Jew proteges, even though she held prejudiced views against Jews. Racial conflict emerges with Mrs Ellsworth apparent showing of her discrimination and prejudice against non-white peoples. Even the very act of recruiting talented young people and finance their education to music and the arts was her way of creating a distinction between her and her young, poor yet talented artists. By financing the education of these talented artists, she directly controls the kind of education they will receive, thereby controlling also the kind of art that they will produce. It is through art, then, that Mrs Ellsworth â€Å"oppress† her proteges like Oceola: by controlling the art that they produce, she holds the power to suppress the protege's desire to pursue his/her art simply because Mrs Ellsworth financed his/her education. Le Blanc's analysis of the racial conflict extant between Oceola and Mrs Ellsworth echoed the dynamics of racial conflict between them. While Mrs Ellsworth actively expressed discrimination and prejudice against people who belong to a particular race other than white American, Oceola's passive response towards her financer's behavior showed that racial conflict was a sublime one. Indeed, as Le Blanc explicated in his study of both women characters in â€Å"Blues† (16). Of course, in her paternalism, Mrs Ellsworth does not quite view Oceola as her equal. Despite the young woman's superior talent, Mrs Ellsworth persistently believes that Oceola lacks not just money, but certain cultural and emotional advantages. The older woman looks down upon her protege's attachment to the physical and sensual world. This sensual world is manifested in jazz, Harlem, and Pete, and all these represent her connection to her black community and culture. Apart from the presence of racial conflict in â€Å"Blues,† a more apparent theme demonstrated was Oceola and Mrs Ellsworth's conflicting views towards art per se. Oceola, exposed with Harlem culture, associated her music and art with the people she had been with, particularly her Harlem community and the church choir she used to teach prior to her being a protege under Mrs Ellsworth financial support. Mrs Ellsworth went through great lengths in order to assert the fact that the art she preferred, the art of elite people liker her, was truly American society's superior culture. But Oceola remained passive to Mrs Ellsworth's active advocacy to promote what she perceived as her â€Å"superior art.† Being the woman's mere protege, she expressed kept her own thoughts and feelings about the issue of â€Å"art for art's sake.† Interestingly, Oceola's honest view of art made more sense than Mrs Ellsworth learned viewpoints about it. At one point, Hughes voiced out through the character of Oceola the real nature and function of art to human society: â€Å"Why did they or anybody argue so much about life or art? Oceola merely lived-and loved it†¦If you wanted to play the piano or paint pictures or write books, go ahead! But why talk so much about it?† This honest view of art in Oceola's terms was the author's way of expressing his disagreement to the dichotomy of superior culture and inferior culture. African-Americans, who gave birth to Harlem culture, as well as contributed significantly to the world of art through the music genres of jazz and the blues, created art based on their experiences as an African-American and with their community. Art for art's sake was a credo not subsisted to in a collectivist culture like African-American's; art was created as a result of the people's interaction with each other, the product of harmonious unity and interconnectedness as peoples of a particular race, with specific traditions and heritage. In Mrs Ellsworth attempt to expose Oceola to Western (European) art in order to ‘forget' her Harlem roots and influence, she only reiterated her perceived superiority. She was a woman who held herself in high-esteem because she believed that she was promoting a noble cause, preserving pure, untainted art-art that merely exists for itself, an art that is autonomous to its creator and devoid of any other human element or influence in it. Mrs Ellsworth's perception of art was a â€Å"separation of art from life† (Bone, 23). In her failure to acknowledge art as the work of an individual and as devoid of any meaning nor influence, Mrs Ellsworth was indirectly destroying the concept of culture altogether, in the same way that she tried to change Oceola by ‘destroying' her strong Harlem roots, influence, and culture. Hughes' villainous portrayal of Mrs Ellsworth showed that an attempt to bridge â€Å"the gap between the two races by means of art† (1062). Unfortunately, Mrs Ellsworth's insistence to hold on to her prejudiced beliefs and perceived superiority became hindrances that led to the eventual deterioration of her relationship with Oceola. The issue of degradation was also reflected in the conflict that Mrs Ellsworth wanted to create as she took in Oceola as her protege (1060). It is inevitable that Mrs Ellsworth should compare herself against Oceola, who, despite the lack of opportunities and privileges in life, was able to create beautiful music without the proper training or education. Mrs Ellsworth tried to assert her superiority by indirectly assuming the persona of Oceola, whom she believed she owns and can control. That is, by supporting Oceola, she indirectly fills in the ‘gaps' in her life. Oceola remained unrestrained and free to express herself through her music; she was also able to produce beautiful art through music. These are the qualities that Mrs Ellsworth sought to have, and believed she had, by financially supporting Oceola. Thus, gender conflict emerged with the â€Å"contrasting meaning and significance and music to each woman† (Brent, 11). As Brent discussed in her analysis of Mrs Ellsworth and Oceola, the former's art was an â€Å"abstraction,† ‘rising above the banalities of everyday life.' Oceola's music, however, â€Å"music is a living, breathing practice which is fully integrated with her personal, everyday experiences.† These distinctions between the two women reflect the kind of society and reality they lived in: Mrs Ellsworth lived not for anyone nor herself, but on art alone. Oceola, meanwhile, preferred to liver her life not only with Pete, but with her Harlem community as well. Characterizing white and black American differences and conflict through the two women characters provided the in-depth look that Hughes wanted to show to his readers. It is through the characters of Oceola and Mrs Ellsworth that readers were able to witness the persistence and pervasiveness of prejudice and discrimination, regardless of one's gender or socio-economic status in life.

Review of the religion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review of the religion article - Essay Example This is very evident with this line â€Å"â€Å"Maybe they should just ask themselves, ‘What would Jesus do?’ I think he’d bake the cake.† This was supported by the fact that Jesus advocated love for all. And that he socialized with those temple priests would condemn and healed the â€Å"unclean† lepers. This portion of the article is a subtle argument that Jesus will likely socialize with today’s â€Å"unclean† people, those who are condemn by temple priests such as gays who are condemn by society’s self-righteous people. The article may have discussed a theological topic but it was also practical as well. It acknowledged that not everyone thinks the same way and that everyone is entitled to their opinion. Applying to the issue against gay marriages, everyone is entitled to their opinion of disagreeing but they cannot impose this dissenting opinion by refusing gay couples. Christ most likely will bake the cake for them so why will a businessman won’t

Research Paper on Slavery Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

On Slavery - Research Paper Example Today, it is suggested to be declared as a National Monument by many Americans. In 1619, the first imprisoned Africans held by ship were brought to this place which had been an outpost of the Jamestown colony in that era. The ship carried a cargo of 20 Africans enslaved by the first English colony in North Virginia.a It is said to be a singular and noteworthy coincidence that this spot ended the concept of slavery in the Civil War era when southern states’ slaves began to escape from the Confederate army to northern states.1 The Confederate army was formed from people who were slaves and ordered by their masters to fight with the Unions from south side. These men were even threatened to be shot if they made an attempt to run toward north for Union. Southern countries of Virginia near Fort Monroe invaded by Union had been denser with plantations and slaves as compared to that of northern countries of Virginia. The Confederate people were seen as loyal gentlemen of Virginia and their slaves had built the munitions without getting wages for their work. Such gentlemen and their work were appraised by the Confederate General Pierre T. Beauregard in an official report on the battle at Bull Run. The General mentioned in the report that without any doubt, the constructions by those slaves had not only saved and parted with the white volunteers from that laborious and arduous military service but also gave them more time to train as soldiers. Confederate military apotheosis was revolved about this strategy as they had wanted a valor army of white men backed by the unsalaried labor of African American slaves. Similarly, the Union Army also had a fresh understanding of the importance of slave labor to the war in the wake of Bull Run. As reported by the soldiers, thousands of slaves had been working for the Confederate. Some Neo-Confederate writers have argued that African Americans volitionally worked and fought for the Confederacy by referring it in a selective ma nner from some enslaved men’s stories who worked for the Confederacy. Some of those slaves narrated with confidence that their owners deliberately and forcefully made them fight with the Union Army. The Confederates committed to give them money for their efforts and hard work, and promised to free them after the defeat of Unions. The promises of southern considered fake by the slaves and they just fought for the cause of Confederate as they had no other option.2 On May 23, 1861, some Virginians cut and ran from the slave-owner who was a Confederate colonel, and looked for shelter and security at the Union-held bastion. These slaves had been forced to work for their Confederate master in constructing rebel fortifications. Some escaped after the Confederate leaders left for war and some joined Unions after their arrival at south. Later, the owner of those slaves was refused to get their slaves back under fugitive-slave laws as the Union Gen. Benjamin F. Butler stated the escape d men being contraband of war, and declared it a legitimate seizure. For that reason the slaves were classified as conquered goods which had been used for military purposes by the opponent in war. The first black slaves broke away from their owner giving courage to others to take the same step toward freedom and within days more than hundred African Americans flew from south and arrived at the Fort for safe harbor. The fort soon began called as Freedom’

Product and Price Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product and Price - Essay Example The core product cannot be touched because it is not the tangible physical product. It is the benefit that customers will get from using the WBC’s product. The actual product is the physical product produced WBC. Finally, the augmented product is the intangible part of the crystal clear, granite filtered mountain water. It is the added value of the product which can be in the form of the after sales services provided by WBC after making purchases. Another value is the customer service support provided by the company. The product life cycle theory divides marketing into four sections or stages. The stages include the introduction, growth, maturity, and decline stages. The crystal clear, granite filtered mountain water developed by the company has not yet sold the product. It means that the product is at its introductory stage. The Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BSG) is a marketing theory helps in determining the group in which a product is based on how it is doing. The matrix assesses the product on two dimensions. The first dimension looks at the growth of the product in this market. The product produced by WBC can be described as being a basic need. It means that the growth in the market is expected to be high. The second dimension measures the product’s market share as compared to the largest competitor in the industry. The crystal clear, granite filtered mountain water has a low market share because it is new in the market. According to the analysis of the product, it can be classified as a Problem Child in the matrix, especially because it is a new product in the market. Service marketing includes the of selling services provided by a company (Pride, 2010). WBC is currently selling a product, but it can gain a competitive advantage by providing after sales services. These forms of services help WBC market itself to its consumers. It will also help the computer gain a reputation of providing the best

International Adoption Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International Adoption - Annotated Bibliography Example in formalities have to be accomplished by the new parents of the adopted child and the above mentioned site provides adequate information related to this topic. This site demonstrates all the interrelated issues of international adoption. A brief idea regarding the history and political background of this topic and recent development of legal process can be generated. CDC. â€Å"Highlights†. October 06, 2010. Adoption Experiences of Women and Men and Demand for Children to Adopt by Women 18–44 Years of Age in the United States, 2002, 2008. This is a government site comprising of various statistics related to the adoption. A gender wise categorical demonstration of the statistics has been provided. It also highlights the demand aspect for international adoption and characteristics of the children that attract women and men separately. Before adopting a child from a different country, especially at the planning stage, couples should consider various processes to develop a proper understanding with the process of international adoption and this site bring into light all those pre-adoption process. In this book the author has guided the parents through providing information regarding the criteria for selection of the country and an agency, determining the costs and other valuable information. The author has also enlightened the difference in domestic and international adoption. It is very important to develop an idea regarding the sending and receiving countries for international adoption and legal procedures of those countries and this article provide country wise descriptions and especially the legal

How and why did the Industrial Revolution change the class system of Research Paper

How and why did the Industrial Revolution change the class system of Great Britain - Research Paper Example The low class was at the lowest level of the pyramid and was made of majority of the British population who worked in the farms and industries owned by other citizens. The upper class was the top most system and was majorly made of the members of the royal family among other rich and influential members of the societies. The emergence of the industrial revolution in the country created a major shift in the class system in the country, resulting into an upset and the empowerment of the low class citizens. Industrial revolution created a major shift on the traditional class systems in the country and led to the empowerment and enlightenment of the low class. Industrial revolution changed the British social fabric in a number of ways and this influenced the position of the low and high class citizens alike. During this period in the history of Great Britain, the citizens thinking and behavior was confined to their status in the society. This created a situation where emphasis was placed on the position of the family and the place of birth of an individual as opposed to their abilities and skills2. However, the emergence of the industrial revolution during the Victorian period completely changed everything in the country. As opposed to emphasis and focus on the social hierarchy, this period witnessed a shift towards economic class and empowerment. The industrial revolution contributed to the shuttering of the traditional Georgian society and focuses on social class and defined the new Victorian era. The 18th century social changes that were witnessed in Great Britain came as a result of the new invention, legislations and impetus that added to the country’s economy3. Before the industrial revolution, the royal reserve and bank system was under the control of the high class members of the society. Few citizens were allowed to access loans and therefore participate in the different industrial and agricultural

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 15

Strategic Management - Essay Example As can be seen in industries which become an icon for nations, there are strong sentiments attached with the commercial aircraft manufacturing industry. This factor is a very dominant contributor to industry dynamics and strategic shape of the industry. The strategic importance of national sentiments attached to some companies is explained by Lou Gerstner in his very famous book ‘Who says elephants can’t dance?’ According to Gerstner one of the major reasons he took up to task of bringing IBM back from brink of bankruptcy was the cultural significance and sentiments attached with IBM of both American businesses and people. The same cultural significance lies with the dominant players of the commercial aircraft manufacturers. This factor is significant for both Boeing and Airbus and holds a very significant importance in determining the analysis provided below. The best method to understand the dynamics of any industry is through the porter’s five forces analysis. This model gives a comprehensive analysis of the different forces functioning in the industry and determines industry’s strategic positioning. This model is also very useful in providing a comprehensive analysis of the individual analysis and more importantly contribution to determining the overall positioning of the industry. The model is used for this example is as follow: The most important factor for any industry is the bargaining power of customers. This is a very economics driven phenomenon. This is because the customers function as a whole on factors of demand and supply. The demand factors for an industry determine the power of firms operating in the industry. The substitutability of a product is the key to bargaining power of customers. This can be analyzed by using exampling of medicines and burgers. The customer when buying medicines will have a very small power because this product has a low elasticity of demand. However,

Proper Diet and Lifestyle as Cancer Prevention Strategies Essay - 13

Proper Diet and Lifestyle as Cancer Prevention Strategies - Essay Example The present research has identified that the WHO asserted that around 30% of people dying from cancer do so because of these five behavioral and dietary risks: â€Å"high body mass index, low fruit, and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, [and] alcohol use.† These risks are external factors that can be managed, which underline the importance of diet and physical activity to reducing cancer risks. Though results for the past few decades are mixed, an increasing number of studies showed that having the proper diet and lifestyle can prevent, or even cure, a number of chronic diseases, including different types of cancer. â€Å"Proper diet† refers to lower fat and red meat intake and higher vegetable and fruit consumption. Western diet, on the opposite, has been regarded as an unhealthy diet because it is usually high in the animal product, sugar, and fat consumption and low in dietary fiber, due to the prevalence of fast food and processed food consum ption. This Western diet has been correlated with higher cancer risks, including colon and breast cancers. Moreover, by â€Å"lifestyle,† this study pertains to the way that people live, including management of alcohol consumption and smoking practices, as well as physical activity levels, life satisfaction with interpersonal relationships, and sleeping habits. This research intends to know if there is a â€Å"proper† diet and lifestyle that may reduce cancer risks. It proposes that holistic healthy living can prevent cancer risks, especially for those who have high cancer risks due to their family history and genetic profiles. Holistic healthy living refers to a lifestyle that responds to various needs: nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and social relations. Moreover, by cancer, this proposal covers several cancers, although it recognizes that certain diets and lifestyles may be more effective for some kinds of cancers and that physical, genetic, and psychological variables can also impact, not only the successful (i.e. consistent and disciplined) adoption of healthy lifestyles and diets but also the effectiveness of a healthy living approach.

Negotiation and Conflict Week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation and Conflict Week 3 - Essay Example In this discussion, the different models such as Trust model and I/R/P model will be taken into concern as a form of effective strategies for addressing the conflicts which have been described in the first week’s assignment. Trust model The different features of Trust model can be viewed as valuable strategy for addressing any sort of conflict situations in an organization. The model explains two types of trust such as interpersonal trust and procedural trust (Furlong, 2005). Interpersonal Trust Interpersonal trust is a perception which states that an individual will not perform any such act that might harm the interest of other individual. The perception mainly depends upon people’s judgment about a person’s character, nature, value and integrity. One of the important characteristics of interpersonal trust is the reliance upon the assumption and belief rather on definite information (Furlong, 2005). Procedural Trust This form of trust generally permits an indivi dual to place their trust particularly in the process rather than the attitudes and ideas of the individuals involved. One of the major features of procedural trust is that it signifies the importance of placing trust in the procedure other than the attributes of an individual (SlideShare Inc.2012). In order to solve the conflict situations relating to non-acceptance of the rules by the employees and violation of maintaining the working guidelines which set by the higher authorities, the organization can apply both interpersonal as well as procedural trust associated with trust model as an effective strategy. From the perspective of interpersonal trust linked with Trust model, the aforementioned conflict situation can be solved as it largely encourages the parties i.e. the employees to emphasize upon their common interests as well as solutions. Moreover, interpersonal trust focuses upon two significant aspects which include skill improvement and communication between employees and t he higher authorities of an organization. The constant development of these factors might ultimately address the aforementioned conflict situations which are related to first week’s assignment. From the viewpoint of procedural trust, the aforesaid conflict situations of an organization can be addressed and solved as it encourages the employees to believe in the process in order to attain a favorable resolve connected with any disputes with the management of an organization (SAGE Publications. 2012). I/R/P model I/R/P model generally stands for interests, rights or power model which is regarded as a basic, broad and applicable process that can diagnose almost all dispute or conflict situations of an organization by a considerable level. This model recognizes three essential methods that can be uses to solve organizational conflicts. The methods have been described hereunder (Furlong, 2005). Interest-Based Processes This process is about reconciling or finding a solution which complies with the interest of the parties. Interest based approaches are more consensual and successful when both the parties are able to protect their respective interests (Furlong, 2005). Rights-Based Processes This process focuses upon securing the rights of the involved parties in the conflict situations by paying much attention to different sources of rights which include any laws, statutes, policies, contacts, policies and past practices among others (Furlong, 2005). Power Based Processes Th

The submittal of claims Essay Example for Free

The submittal of claims Essay The submittal of claims to insurance companies requesting payment for medical services provided by a doctor to a patient is called the medical billing process. Ten steps make up the process: preregistration of patients; establishment of financial responsibility for the visit; checking patients in; checking patients out; the review of coding compliance; verifying billing compliance; the preparation and transmittal of claims; the monitoring of payer adjudication; generation of patient statements; and the follow-up of payments by the patients and the handling of collections. HCPCS, HIPAA, CPT, and ICD have an influence on every step of the process. The 9th Revision-Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) is a global categorization of disease and contains sets of codes. These codes give information for evenly measures and diagnoses. The ICD-9 code has three digits, and these three may be followed by a decimal point and then two more digits. The Healthcare Common procedure coding system (HCPCS) does not give diagnosis information, only information about the procedure area. The purpose of HCPCS codes is to process hospital treatments for outpatient services. Physicians also use these codes. ICD-9 procedure codes are required by HIPAA for their porting procedures of hospital inpatients. The numerical codes for CPT and the diagnoses areas signed by the coding team. They make these assignments based on information given by the provider. A charge is then created, following the billing rules that pertain to certain locations and carriers. People who work on the process of medical billing have to maintain patient information confidentiality based on HIPPA rules. Employees must also be truthful and conduct themselves with integrity. Every procedure and diagnosis has to be correctly documented and then coded accurately to avoid any delays in payments.

The Philosophy of Niccolo Machiavelli

The Philosophy of Niccolo Machiavelli Who was Machiavelli the prince? What were his beliefs? Machiavelli was an Italian student of history, who was an ambassador in Florence Italy. He was a long time official in the Florentine Republic, with obligations in government and military issues. Machiavelli composed, in his novel the prince, the solid focal points in political power, including religion and good conduct. Machiavelli, composition amid a time of sensational change known as the Italian Renaissance, showed demeanor towards numerous issues, basic politics, which upheld his conviction that solid government was the most critical component in the public eye. These demeanor and thoughts were extremely proper for the time in light of the fact that they focused on solid, unified force, the main sort of initiative that appeared to be working all through Europe, and which was the component Italy was needing. Machiavelli was a political realist. He thought there were sure abilities and qualities required to turn into a political ruler. In his work, The Prince, Machiavelli gives exhortation on the most proficient method to be a fruitful sovereign, or ruler. Effective is incompletely focused around how influential a ruler was amid his lifetime (rule), yet generally focused around how much the sovereign influenced the lives, through laws or societal standards, of future eras. Machiavelli’s main objective was achieving and keeping political force. He accepted the fact individuals were characteristically childish and would, by nature, not regard the law or work for the benefit of all, without urban ethics. The ideas he presented were the best way to control† human urges was to impart national pride and shared admiration for all nationals of a state. The distinction in Crafty thought, as yet ever, from different logicians was he accepted political power was no more defended by religious or profound tenets. In spite of the fact that Machiavelli accepted this to be genuine, he still knew it was essential for natives to keep up a pledge for the benefit of everyone, through national pride and admiration. An alternate part of varying concocted to this point in time was Machiavelli knew advancing municipal goodness in subjects required the quest for individual freedom. Machiavelli, in his compositions, discusses a few diverse of government. He found himself able to dismantle governments, building the distinction in the middle of new and old governments. The new governments are the hard ones to keep up, on the grounds that individuals are not defenseless to change, indeed they just about rebellion against it, unless the new ruler can address his pledge and keep his guarantees. Machiavelli knew individuals were chiefly worried about their property and prosperity of their gang. He also knew the administrations employment was to ensure both; notwithstanding helping the individuals thrive and take after their souls, maybe. Machiavelli accepted just certain individuals could get to be rulers, in light of the fact that it took an extraordinary kind of individuals. He said rulers are not bound by good demands or social standards. Rulers does not need to maintain all the qualities expected of their natives. While this is genuine, he states that a ruler must be genuine in the public eye, which depicts the majority of the people temperance showed in all the residents. In the event that the individuals accept the ruler is misrepresenting his convictions, they will turn. Then again, when the time comes to settle on a choice outside the domain of subject information, a ruler mu st be savage and readied to do â€Å"whatever it takes â€Å"to guarantee the states success. In the event that this implies the ruler needs to lie or murder, he will. This clarifies why just certain individuals can be rulers. One of Machiavellis most loved illustrations of viable rulers is Cesare Borgia. Borgia was chosen ruler, after his father was chosen as pope. Borgia knew how to obtain regard from his residents through trepidation and control. He likewise gave the individuals a decent government and brought peace and success. The inquiry dependably emerges, however, about what to do with the dissidents, or agitators of a gathering. Borgia dealt with this by enlisting a master. The implementer was accountable for taking care of criminals, normally by death. The authority was a brutal man and summoned fear in the subjects. Borgia did not need his kin to partner him with the master, so he executed him. At the same time he didnt simply kill him; he place him in the town square slice down the middle to show individuals he was not kidding. The natives were in amazement and considered Borgia their saint, for pulverizing the implementer, who they had developed to detest. Notwithstanding how great a ruler Bor gia was however, when the time came to introduce another pope and it wasnt his father, Borgia missed the mark and was no more the ruler. While Machiavelli appeared to put no stock in the part of the resident in deciding a ruler, he thought rulers could ensure their energy by bringing out the affection for their kin. Yet even this isnt sufficient constantly, in light of the inquiry constantly solicited by subjects from its administration, what have you accomplished for me of late. The ruler must secure the residents property, thriving, family, and prosperity. For individuals to lead cheerful, full lives, they must be permitted to do what they need, inside the rules of a state. In any case this is a cycle simpler to keep up, than to start. For individuals to do as they wish, there must be rules set up, yet for rules to be secured, individuals need to recognize what they need to do and what they are not able to do. Here is the reason governments were inherent the primary spot. The gathering of individuals picked somebody to make rules, in light of the fact that individuals needed more than they had. This is the genuine r eason for a ruler, to help make a general public. Rulers having and keeping force, by a â€Å"whatever it takes â€Å"mentality, overwhelmed Machiavelli. This appears to negate what he is saying in regards to the benefit of everyone and metro excellencies. On the off chance that the ruler is just inspired by force, what consideration would he have for the individuals? None, it appears to me. As indicated by Ian Johnston, The Prince was more than a weak endeavor for Machiavelli try and reach some sort of political standard after he had been kicked out and tormented. Johnston accepts The Prince was to a greater degree a parody against rulers and what they remained for. There are a few examples where Machiavelli repudiates himself, frequently inside the same passage. Particularly, Machiavelli accepted rulers should most importantly, ensure their own particular security at whatever expense. In The Prince, he goes to say a standout amongst the most effective methods for securing themselves is to decimate the urban communities as the be st way to hold them. On the off chance that you consider this for a moment, this bodes well. Why would Machiavelli advise rulers the best way to control something is to decimate it. Individuals would not acknowledge control on the off chance that it is taken in such a brutal, merciless way. A few different occurrences of Machiavelli appearing to play around with words a bit, is the point at which he is discussing great laws and great arms. At whatever point, the words great, well, awful, and so on are utilized, there is a reason. These words impart a feeling of ethical quality. Instead of attempting to observe what Machiavelli is truly attempting to say, individuals get stuck on the inclination summoned with these words. Machiavelli has a few likenesses and contrasts contrasted with Islamic and Jewish political thought. The most unmistakable contrast, I think, is the relationship in the middle of religion and theory. Machiavelli doesnt put much stock into the idea of religion. He doesnt accept the state ought to need to rely on upon religious thought to survive. Truly, Machiavelli accepted the Roman Catholic Church was in charge of Italy being part into five states. The congregation separates as opposed to unites. In the Islamic world, religion is the principle string going through and entwining everything. Alfarabi was keen on making a working relationship in the middle of religion and theory. He was one of the first Muslim savants and his work is mulled over as much as Aristotle or Plato, in future eras. Avicenna accepted all components in life were clarified in circumstances and end results terms. The idea of circumstances and end results goes through all the Islamic scholars. For Alfarabi, the ci rcumstances and end results was put to use with reason. For motivation to exist there must be two crucial exercises. The primary is to characterize essential presumptions and definitions that are the beginning stages and building squares of a contention, (reason) and second, check whether finishes of a contention take after intelligently from the contentions fundamental suspicions and definitions, (impact). Avicenna accepted individuals would tame their wishes for the benefit of everyone. This perspective is to some degree like Machiavellis perspective, yet the measures for the benefit of all are characterized diversely for both. People who practice Islam they believe everyone if characterized by the expression of God and translated by reason. They consolidate both to structure a working relationship. I accept the reason the Islamic masterminds partner God with reason, and in this way theory, lies in their lifestyle. The religious pioneers of their time laughed at the thought of rea soning. The religious pioneers accepted if reasoning had merit, what place did religion have? . Scholars in the Muslim world must be acknowledged by one means or another. So they started partner religion and reasoning. They pushed the way that both were overwhelmed by the journey of the great life. The distinction was religion utilized God as their answer and reasoning utilized reason. One common pattern between Machiavelli, the Islamic and Jewish scholars is the conviction that individuals need to lead cheerful, delighted lives, and for this to be fulfilled, an overseeing energy must be available. More than that, individuals need to be included in a political group. Maimonides was a Jewish rationalist. He was additionally a rabbi, making his perspective of logic harmonize with his perspective of religion. He was permitted to decipher the Torah for the normal individuals, on the grounds that it was the conviction that it took exceptional commitment to learn and comprehend the ideas. This thought is like Alfarabis conviction that individuals need to utilize religious ideas and images to comprehend the unpredictable, supreme truth of theory. The way Maimonides leaves the expression of God up to elucidation would appear to be a decent beginning stage for a general public. Instead of lecture the individuals about stuff they can not comprehend, the rabbis capacity is to help them comprehend what is good and bad, additionally to re-decipher the thoughts if circumstances emerge. Here is a spot where I can no discover no pertinence to our general public today. We dont always re-decipher the Scripture. Rather, we base our laws and ethics off an understand ing that is a huge number of years old While most philosophical masterminds take after the same relative rules, there are a couple of contrasts. The thought of religion overwhelming societal standards and inalienable conduct of individuals are both illustrations of contrasting suppositions. Todays general public may have been begun as an application of rationality, yet the expectations made by Machiavelli and different rationalists about the defilement of governments has worked out

The Awareness Of Point Of Sale Information Technology Essay

The Awareness Of Point Of Sale Information Technology Essay Point of sale is a place where transaction occurs in exchange for services and goods. The point of sale refers to the physical electronic cash register or dedicated Point of Sale hardware used during checkout, but the POS is simply the location where the sale is conducted, money changes hands and a receipt a is given, which can also occur on a smart-phones, tablets, laptops or mobile POS device when the right hardware and POS software is combined with the mobile devices. It is a system allowing business transaction to be monitored, and also facilitating tasks that would otherwise be time-consuming when they are done manually such as monitoring stock, inventory managing, etc. POS also refers to the capturing of data and customer payment information at counter when goods or services are bought and sold. The POS transaction are captured using a variety of devices which include computers, cash registers, optical and bar code scanners, magnetic card readers, or any combination of these devices. This is the physical location from where  goods  are  sold  to  the customers. Point of  sale  is often more specific than a  general  building or  store  where goods are sold, typically indicating the piece of  technology  which is used to finalize the  transaction. They are seen as a  standard  cash register  at the  front  of the store; such as, at a restaurant, grocery store, shopping malls, etc. The point of sale can also be an electronic  system  which are used by the staff for  multiple  purposes, such as ringing up  orders  as well as generating the  receipt  and finalizing purchases. Devices Used The computer software and the register are not the only devices used in POS systems. Devices such as bar code scanners are as important to use the POS system effectively. Magnetic card readers are used for debit and credit cards and optical scanners that examine the object itself for signatures and images. All these provide different sets of data to the computer which can be used to track sales more accurately. POS systems can be very expensive. Small businesses will need to invest several thousand of dollars for the system, legal bar code system, scanner and software needed to run the POS system. Even when a POS system is set up, the data it produces does no good unless managers and marketers know how to use it effectively and efficiently. Literature Review POS (Point of Sale) systems are commonly used in retail stores, restaurants, stadiums, hotels and casinos, etc. The basic use of these systems is to scan items for purchase, place in order and calculate the bills. They are usually industry specific. What can Point Of Sales System do? * Track all elements of each order, from payment, design details, delivery date and months in advance. * Customer Information: It automatically records the customers name, credit card information, address and what they bought and when. * Customer Relations: Everything regarding the customers purchases can be immediately called upon from the system. This makes handling returns, payments and other transactions easier even if the customer has misplaced the paperwork. In a multi-store environment it does not matter which store the customer goes to. All the information are available at all the stores. * Inventory Control: The computer keeps record of the stores inventory. This makes the POS terminals attached to it, automatically update the inventory with every sale or return. This helps the person in multi-inventories keep track of any stock is going to get over. The central office knows at all times how much stock each store has. * Inventory Analysis: The system is able to calculate at what rate each item is selling at all times, making it easy to decide what quantity has to be purchased. * Reduce Out of Stock: In case there is low stock, Low stock reports and purchase orders are generated automatically with enough lead time to receive goods. * Bar code Integration: Various bar-code reading devices can be used in conjunction with shelf stocking, warehousing and at the sales terminal. This will create a speedy entry and reduce human error. * Warranty Tracking: The time and date of purchase are automatically recorded. This information can be easily retrieved from the system within seconds. Warranty issues can be easily handled by stores other than the one where the purchase was made. * Special Pricing: Sales and specials discounts are easily controlled. Starting and end dates can be assigned to the products or product groups and the system will automatically handle them. * Sales Commissions: The commissions are automatically calculated and reported by the system. Different product lines can carry different commissions. Later commissions can be automatically reduced if the sales-person discounts an item. * Profit Center / Product Line Control: It is very easy to set up both profit centers and product lines. This makes tracking performance of individual sales managers and product line profitability easy. * Accounting: The Point of Sale system is completely integrated with full function accounting (Inventory, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, and General Ledger) thus making the books always up-to-date. No hand entries by book-keeping staff are required. In a multi-store environment the central office always has the accounts for each individual store in real time and can produce consolidated accounting reports as well. * Data Export: The Data files and reports can be exported from the POS system for use with other software when there is need. * Data Import: Part number lists, customer lists and other bulk information from outside sources can be imported into the POS system without resorting to hand entry. * Manager Control: The manager has complete access and control to the store or chain of stores at any time of day or night. He can even do store transactions locally. * Security Levels: The Employees are only allowed the access assigned to their password only. * Loss Prevention: Record keeping is so thorough and clear that any employee theft of inventory or received cash, even if cleverly disguised can be detected and traced. Need of the study To know the level of use of POS system among the students of Amity University, Noida. To know the awareness of POS among the students. To know the amount of use of POS system among the students of Amity. Objective of the study: The objective of the study here is to know the use and awareness of the POS system among the students. The amount of use of POS transactions by the students during different courses of purchases. To increase the level of knowledge of POS system among the students. To find out the reasons why POS system is not used in case of both awareness and non-awareness. Rationale behind the study: The presence of POS system in various Malls or stores has become a common sight in todays market. People make their purchases mainly using debit/credit cards in place if paper cash. How does this POS system work? The person making the payment through his card is debited an amount which is the value of the price of the product he is purchasing from the store. This amount is directly credited into the account of the store, form which ever bank it has opened its account with. Since there is no exchange of paper money, transactions takes place in a few seconds, making it less time consuming and less energy involved. On the customers side he does not have the pain of carrying ready cash with him. This wide use of POS system brings us to a study of whether this facility is aware to the young minds of the future leaders and entrepreneurs. The research topic will study how much are the students aware about the POS system that are available in the market. With both the mode of cash and card purchases available, it will see what is used more often and why. It will study the positive as well as the negative impacts in the minds of the students using the system and also who dont use it. The level of awareness of both the group of people who use and who dont will be required to obtain, which will provide the researcher to obtain the final result. Research Methodology: Research method: Descriptive research Sampling method: Convenience Sampling Sampling size: 200 Sampling Universe: Student of Amity University, Noida Sector 125. Data collected: Primary Statistical tool Analysis: Microsoft Excel. Data Collection Method: Data will be collected through the distribution of questionnaires and interaction with the students. After the questionnaires are filled up as required and obtaining the required number of responses, it will be analyzed to reach the necessary findings. Primary Data: The data will be collected by the means of survey which will be done on the basis of various interactions with the students. A questionnaire prepared by the researcher will also be given to the responder who will be filling up the necessary questions. This set of questions will later be analyzed to obtain the required result. Hypothesis: Null: H0: the students are aware about the Point of Sales system Alternative: H1: The students are not aware about the Point of Sales system. Null H0: The students use the POS system Alternative: H1: The students do not use the POS system. Data Analysis and Interpretation Period of using a bank account: Respond Frequency Percentage Less than 6 months 117 58.5% Between 6 months to 1 year 35 17.5% 1 to 2 years 27 13.5% More than 2 years 21 10.5% According to the data collected from the survey, it was found that most of the students had their accounts operating from two years and above. The others had accounts opened just a few months back or a year. Mode of Purchases more frequently used: Response Frequency Percentage Cash Purchase 52 26% Card Purchase 148 74% The research Survey shows that majority of the students used the mode of cash payment. Card payment was also used but at a lower scale. When asked why, their reply would be because they felt more comfortable using cash other than cards. Their main reason for not using card payments was lack of security and confidence. Awareness on Point of Sale system: Response Percentage Good 36 Average 38 Poor 10 It has been found that the level of awareness of Point of Sale system among the students were good. Majority of them had an idea or knowledge what exactly a point of sale could do and also were aware about its benefits as well as its short-comings. There were very less percentage of students who had less or no knowledge a all of the POS systems. Frequency of using Debit/Credit Card Response Frequency Percentage Always 32 16% Very Frequently 60 30% Occasionally 42 21% Rarely 20 10% Very rarely Never 10 5% The survey shows us that the use of POS is very frequently used. This frequency is mostly among the students who are aware about the POS systems and use both cash as well as card purchases. Rank of POS system according to preferences Ticketing 3 Entertainment 4 Online Shopping 2 Shopping 1 Cash Transfers 5 The survey shows that majority of the students who use the POS systems are using them mainly for the purpose of shopping and online purchases. The facility o cash transfers are the least used. Satisfaction of using Point of Sale system: Response Frequency Percentage Strongly Agree 20 10% Agree 60 30% Neutral 30 15% Disagree 5 2.5% Strongly disagree The level of satisfaction among the students using POS system has been agreed by a majority. A neutral feeling is followed by the students who has been aware and using this service. Also a strong level of satisfaction is also found among the sampled sized. Reason for not using Point of Sale system Lack of advertisement 5 Lack of interest 15 No use 4 Lack of security 10 Lack of confidence 10 Any other 2 The survey studied the various reasons why some of the students were not using this POS system when it made transactions so much easier. The main reason for this was due to the Lack of interest in the minds of the students. This was followed lack of security and interest. Lack of advertisement was another reason for causing a low awareness among the students. Findings: The level of awareness about the POS system among the students is good. The use of this system is also found at a good scale among the students who are aware about the POS system. Though the level of awareness is good, some students still do not use as frequently as expected due to different reasons. The use of POS system is more among the group of students who have opened their bank accounts from 2 years and above. Students using accounts below a year have lesser use. Reason for lack of awareness is mainly because of not having a account for themselves. Another reason for not using this system is the lack of proper advertisements, lack of confidence and security. The POS system is mainly used for the purpose of shopping and online purchases by the students. They are more comfortable with these simple transactions that the POS offers. Suggestions: Banks and any other financial institutions providing this facility should make the effort of educating the POS system to its customers. Effective advertisements should be made in order to make the customers more aware of the system available. The Lack of security and confidence among the customers can be eradicated by using effective softwares that are immune to hackers and other flaws. Proper education should be implanted in the minds of the consumers in order to make them aware as well as use this facility. Adequate on sight experience from frequent users can also be done to motivate the individuals who do not use due to various reasons. Conclusion: The study of the topic Study on Awareness of Point of Sale system among the students of Amity University, Sector 125 found that a large number of students are aware about the presence of POS systems around them. Many use them because they are convenient and easy. Others though they have the knowledge and awareness are still hesitated to use them for various reasons. The Point of Sale system has made transactions operating in various stores very fast and efficient. They not only provide the benefit of cash less transactions but also keep track of every product or product group in the stores. This information helps the store manger to keep track of his products in his store and make necessary purchases before they run out of stock. Countries like USA mostly use this facility on a very large scale. Thus the final conclusion to this study was that the level of awareness of the POS system among the students is above average. In order to promote it more, a good amount of work in the field of advertisements and security has to be done. The above few reasons were the most prominent for its non use by certain people. It is only when they use the system they will realize the benefits of it.

Glossary And Definitions :: essays research papers

Glossary and Definitions Distribution: Drug distribution is the process by which a drug reversibly leaves the blood stream and enters the interstitium (extracellular fluid) and/or the cells of the tissues. The delivery of a drug from the plasma to the interstitium primarily depends on blood flow, capillary permeability, the degree of binding of the drug to plasma and tissue proteins, and the relative hydrophobicity of the drug. Excipient: Vehicle. A more or less inert substance added in a prescription as a diluent or vehicle or to give form or consistency when the remedy is given in pill form; simple syrup, aromatic powder, honey, and various elixirs are examples. Gel: A colloidal state in which the molecules of the dispersed phase form a three- dimensional structure in the continuous phase to produce a semisolid material such as a jelly. For example, a warm, dilute(2 percent) solution of gelatin(a protein mixture) forms, on cooling, a stiff gel in which the molecules of the continuous phase are trapped in the holes of a "brush-heap" like structure of the gelatin. Administered orally. Microemulsion: Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, optically transparent, isotropic mixtures of a biphasic oil-water system stabilized with surfactants. The diameter of droplets in a microemulsion may be in the range of 100 A to 1000 A. Microemulsion may be formed spontaneously by agitating the oil and water phases with carefully selected surfactants. The type of emulsion produced depends upon the properties of the oil and surfactants utilized. Ointment: Semisolid preparations intended for topical application. Most ointments are applied to the skin, although they may also be administered ophtalmically, nasally, aurally, rectally, or vaginally. With a few exceptions, ointments are applied for their local effect on the tissue membrane rather than for systematic effects. Professional skills: Body of systematic scientific knowledge, manual dexterity and deftness, proficiency, resulting from training, practice and experience particular of an individual who has completed the formal education and examination required for membership in a profession. Water: A clear, colorless, odorless and tasteless liquid, H2O that is essential for

Death of Science :: essays research papers

Science Of Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nathaniel Hawthorne was a writer with many successful stories. From reading those stories it is evident that he had an obsession with science and experimenting with people. In his stories you can find characters (or scientists) trying to find answers that typically end in death. This tragic result shows how one of Hawthorne’s main themes is the misuse of science.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The misuse of science that Hawthorne establishes in his stories is assiduous, but is most evident in The Birth Mark. In this short story he describes a couple, Aylmer and Georgiana, who are intertwine with science. For Aylmer believed â€Å"the love of science [could] rival the love of [a] woman in its depth and absorbing energy† because of Aylmer’s love of science. For Georgiana’s beauty â€Å"came so nearly perfect from the hand of Nature† except for a minor blemish. The blemish or defect was in the center of Georgiana’s left cheek, and was the reason that Aylmer thought he needed to experiment on or remove it. This was the basis of Hawthorne’s theme and the reoccurring themes that involved science, which he is emphasizing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Aylmer and Georgiana goes on to tell how they made the removal of this â€Å"singular mark† the justification of science and human experimentation. Before Georgiana can get it removed she has to be convinced of the benefits of this experiment. But his fear that it might be fatal to keep the birthmark is revealed to her through talking in his sleep. She is disturbed on how important it is to him,so she agrees to the removal. With the help of his assistant, Aminadab, he begins the experiments. He locking her in a fumigating room and drugged her to delusions - making â€Å"a strange, indefinite sensation creeping through her veins, and tingling, half painfully, half pleasurably, at her heart†. On one occasion between experiments, she found Aylmer’s journals - â€Å"sorcerer’s books†. These journals were â€Å"the sad confession and continual exemplification of the shortcomings of the composite man, the spirit burdened with clay and working in matter, and of the despair that assails the higher nature at finding itself so miserably thwarted by the earthly part† that were common failures of a â€Å"genius men† or that of scientists. Ending in tragic results were the theme of this collection of journals such as the theme of this tale and of Hawthorne’s stories. So in the despair of many failed attempts at removing this birthmark, Aylmer and Georgiana fall into insanity over this one minor blemish. Death of Science :: essays research papers Science Of Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nathaniel Hawthorne was a writer with many successful stories. From reading those stories it is evident that he had an obsession with science and experimenting with people. In his stories you can find characters (or scientists) trying to find answers that typically end in death. This tragic result shows how one of Hawthorne’s main themes is the misuse of science.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The misuse of science that Hawthorne establishes in his stories is assiduous, but is most evident in The Birth Mark. In this short story he describes a couple, Aylmer and Georgiana, who are intertwine with science. For Aylmer believed â€Å"the love of science [could] rival the love of [a] woman in its depth and absorbing energy† because of Aylmer’s love of science. For Georgiana’s beauty â€Å"came so nearly perfect from the hand of Nature† except for a minor blemish. The blemish or defect was in the center of Georgiana’s left cheek, and was the reason that Aylmer thought he needed to experiment on or remove it. This was the basis of Hawthorne’s theme and the reoccurring themes that involved science, which he is emphasizing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Aylmer and Georgiana goes on to tell how they made the removal of this â€Å"singular mark† the justification of science and human experimentation. Before Georgiana can get it removed she has to be convinced of the benefits of this experiment. But his fear that it might be fatal to keep the birthmark is revealed to her through talking in his sleep. She is disturbed on how important it is to him,so she agrees to the removal. With the help of his assistant, Aminadab, he begins the experiments. He locking her in a fumigating room and drugged her to delusions - making â€Å"a strange, indefinite sensation creeping through her veins, and tingling, half painfully, half pleasurably, at her heart†. On one occasion between experiments, she found Aylmer’s journals - â€Å"sorcerer’s books†. These journals were â€Å"the sad confession and continual exemplification of the shortcomings of the composite man, the spirit burdened with clay and working in matter, and of the despair that assails the higher nature at finding itself so miserably thwarted by the earthly part† that were common failures of a â€Å"genius men† or that of scientists. Ending in tragic results were the theme of this collection of journals such as the theme of this tale and of Hawthorne’s stories. So in the despair of many failed attempts at removing this birthmark, Aylmer and Georgiana fall into insanity over this one minor blemish.

Inhibitory Potential Changes of Fluoxetine (Prozac) :: Biology Medicine Research Papers

Inhibitory Potential Changes of Fluoxetine (Prozac) Over the past several decades many scientists have explored the various possible links between the function of neurotransmitters in the brain and mood disorders. The neurotransmitter serotonin, found widely in plants, animals and humans has been a particular focus. Scientists who specialize in examining the function and effect of serotonin on the mind and body argue that imbalances in the levels and function of serotonin can be linked to disturbances in mood, anxiety, satiety, cognition, aggression and sexual drives (Tollefson and Rosenbalum, 2001). More specifically, these scientists suggest that this "decreased serotonergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the etiology of depression" (Xia, Gopal, and Gross, p. 157, 2002). Indeed studies that have examined serotonin via its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyndoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) consistently indicate that 5-HIAA levels are low in the cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients (Davison, Neale and Kring, 2004). Because serotonin does not cross the blood-brain barrier, it must be synthesized locally. That is, it must be synthesized from within neurons in the brain. Once it is synthesized is then "released into the synapse from the cytoplasmic and vesicular reservoirs. Following release, serotonin is principally inactivated by reuptake into nerve terminals through a sodium/potassium (Na+/K+) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) dependent carrier." (Tollefson and Rosenbalum, p. 27, 2001). Problems arise when too much serotonin is recaptured in the reuptake process during synapse or when to little serotonin is being locally manufactured in the central nervous system. As a result, too few serotonin neurotransmitters are able to make it across the synaptic cleft to stimulate postsynaptic receptors. Moreover, "in the absence of pharmacological manipulation, the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic nerve terminal typically leads to its inactivation" (Tollefson and Rosenbalum, p. 32, 2001). Low levels of serotonin have been most commonly linked to depression. For this reason, there have been many attempts by neuroscientists to develop antidepressant drugs that can interfere with the enzymes that eliminate serotonin neurotransmitters from the synapse. Indeed, though reuptake inhibition scientists hoped to be able to increase levels of serotonin in the CNS and thus ameliorate the negative affects of depression. One of the most recent breakthroughs in this pursuit was the development of the antagonist drug, fluoxetine. Fluoxetine (or Prozac) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and functions by acting as a barrier in the serotonin synaptic

Literature Review of 14-19 Education Essay

Abstract This literature review compares research conducted and articles written about the development of 14-19 education and the changes it has gone through since 2002. It briefly outlines the initial implementation of 14-19 education during the Thatcher government before going on to concentrate on how the Labour government introduced Diplomas and what the Coalition government are doing to push this agenda forward. It asks whether academic and vocational education can ever be valued equally and whether the introduction of 14 year olds in further education establishments is successful or not. The majority of the literature was commissioned either by the government or conducted in 14-19 educational establishments. Similarities and comparisons between the research are identified and questions are asked as to how successful it might be in the future. . History of 14-19 Education The idea of 14-19 education was introduced in 1983 by the Conservative government under its leader Margaret Thatcher. The first development was called the Technical and Vocational Education Initiative (TVEI), and was a pilot scheme was rolled out into schools and colleges in1988. The scheme was run by the Manpower Services Commission (MSC,) which came under the Department of Employment not the Department of Education and Science. Jeremy Higham and David Yeomans point out in the London Review of Education (2011) that, from 1988 to 2002 14-19 vocational education was on simmer and it was not until 2002 under the New Labour government that we saw renewed enthusiasm to for this area of education. The initiative came from the Curriculum 2000 Reform of Advance Qualifications. Between 2002 and 2010 the focus was back on the progression of our young people and, essentially, the future of our work force. The Labour government commissioned an independent enquiry by Mike Tomlinson in 2004 who proposed a new vision for 14-19 education, recommending the introduction of Diplomas. These would build on the strengths of the education system already in place. However the government rejected this and decided to keep GCSE and A levels but to offer diplomas as an alternative the initiative gained respect from schools, colleges and local authorities. Diplomas were introduced in 2008 but have not been successful in gaining credit in industry or education; this has brought forward many issues relating to 14-19 education from teaching and learning, funding, employer contributions and the integration of school age pupils in FE colleges. The current Coalition government commissioned Alison Wolf to review 14-19 education in 2011. Academic/Vocational Education and Funding A major divide in 14-19 education is attitudes towards academic and vocational training. To give equality and value to both sides of what is still an educational ‘divide’ we need to alter society’s thinking and social attitudes. The review of the 14-19 Green Paper by the Department for Education (2002) states that, ‘Pushing for parity of esteem in the current educational climate leads to ‘academicising’ vocational subjects. It was felt by some that the vocational was being forced into the traditional classroom-dominated achievement environment, rather than realistically accepting the different teaching and assessment demands of vocational courses. ’ (DfES, 2002) Even though there are differences between the academic and vocational routes, teaching and assessment methods have to be different, can the value of learning and the qualification be equal? The DfES review does state that to make attitudinal changes requires substantial investment as well as long term consultation and marketing campaigns which they compare to the commitment to improving the long term plan of the National Health Service (NHS). Connexions consulted with learners in 2001 to gain their view on government papers entitled: Green paper-Schools: Building on Success, 2001 and white paper-Schools: Achieving Success, 2001. The focus group of learners conducted by Connexions produced a positive response. Learners were enthusiastic about being asked to participate in the consultation and formulating opinions on education, they concluded that, ‘†¦the choice of core subjects was generally right. They wanted to maintain the entitlement to study a modern foreign language, design and technology, the arts and the humanities. The subjects, deemed essential for personal development for example citizenship (which is to be introduced as a statutory subject within the National Curriculum from September 2002), religious education, sex and health education, physical education, work related learning and careers education should all be compulsory although not necessarily studied to GCSE level if the young person does not want to. ’ (Connexions, 2002) Regarding the discussion on the equality of academic and vocational training young people were of the opinion that, ‘vocational pathways needed to be heavily publicised to young people themselves, employers and higher education institutions so that the pathways became quickly established to form part of the traditional pathways for entry to higher education. ’ (Connexions, 2002) Comparing the two opinions, the DfES review of the 14-19 Green Paper by the Department for Education and the consultations conducted by Connexions both from 2002. The DfES wanted to take their time to ensure development of 14-19 education was more successful, but the learners wanted action to be quick, as they could see the benefit of changing views and progression. This showed that they want to progress and do have aspirations of Higher Education (HE). Tomlinson’s (2004) VE proposal was not taken on board fully, only in part with Diplomas being introduced as an alternative to GCSE and A Levels. Do we need a radical reform of 14-19 education as he suggested? To change deep rooted attitudes and opinions in society about academic and vocational education, maybe it is necessary. An article in the guardian stated prior to launch of the diplomas, ‘We have never seen big new public qualifications arrive with so little input from people who have experience in qualifications and teaching. ’( Meikle 2007) It would seem that the implementation of diplomas has been rushed; therefore they have not achieved the status needed to change opinions. In response to Tomlinson’s (2004) proposals for diplomas the Nuffield Review (2009) asks the question, who is responsible for the Vocational Training Education system? In the UK it is not clear, but does include a long list of people: parents, students, the government, education and training providers and employers. Vocational courses have been seen to have less value than traditional educational routes with fewer opportunities to progress to HE and advanced qualifications but, as Alison Wolf (2011) points out, other countries have reformed their systems and increased numbers of students taking two and three year learning programmes. She states, ‘Bringing vocational pathways into a single framework would give formal equality of standing between, academic, vocational, and mixed pathways, recognise areas of overlap between them; provide opportunities to combine, transfer, and progress between them; and ensure greater educational content within vocational programmes. It would make them easier for learners to identify progression routed to advanced level and beyond. ’ (Wolf, 2011) Wolfe (2011) agrees with the views of Tomlinson (2004) over the integration of academic and vocational education. With this in mind, as well as the research from the DfES and Connexions I quoted earlier, I believe it is the roles and responsibilities that need definition, from the education and political establishments to all people involved as well as those undertaking the training. However, a structured achievement and progression route in VE is necessary to engage employers and bring value to FE training and qualifications if we are to see equality between academic and vocational training. Wolf has recommended that the government extends funding up to the age of 24, as not all students will have achieved a Level 2/3 by the age of 19. To ensure students achieve their potential in Maths and English, extending funding was also proposed. Wolf criticised the funding structure at present, saying that it gave colleges the incentive to create programmes for profit but not for the benefit of the students. She agreed with Foster‘s opinion in 2005, and The Nuffield Review 2009, that funding should follow the learner encouraging institutions to collaborate which would integrate education and provide the best educational programme for each individual student: ‘Policy levers, i.e. funding and performance measures, should focus on collective action rather than promote institutional competition’ (Nuffield, 2009) Funding used as a ‘policy lever’ could achieve more integration of academic skills into vocational areas. Teaching and Learning and Inspection VE has been taught in FE colleges because they are equipped for vocational subjects. Schools have primarily chosen classroom based vocational subjects as they do not have the facilities to offer practical vocational learning, which defeats the object of VE. The opening of new educational establishments currently planned to open between now and 2014 University Technical Colleges (2012) (UTC) will give VE an identity of its own as well as integrate it with the national curriculum. Compulsory education to the age of 18 will be introduced from 2013 with more opportunity and choice being given to students to access VE making it more important than ever to progress 14-19 education. Issues were raised during research by the Learning and Skills Research Network (LSRN) who researched ‘the capacity of the teachers and their institutions to meet the needs of younger learners’ (Harkin, 2006). For example, the college environment could be overwhelming and frightening, especially at lunchtimes. The research questioned who was responsible for the students, were they mature enough to be treated in an adult way? This identified conflicting views: some teachers thought they needed supervision all the time at college but others commented that colleges were not ‘in loco parentis’, but still had a duty of care. They did, however say that college support in the classroom was essential to maintain the safety of the student as well as managing behaviour. In conclusion, it was identified that getting feedback from 14-16 year old students about teaching and learning was difficult due to their unpredictability and poor literacy skills. For example, discussion was often an alien concept for formulating and articulating their opinions and views, it is a more andragogical approach, one not used enough in a school environment for them to feel confident in expressing themselves. FE tutors need to have a clearer understanding of how teaching is carried out in schools, as it probably follows a more pedagogical approach. To ensure that college tutors adapt their teaching to the needs of younger student the TLRC said that, ‘There is a particular need for pedagogical training, rather than training in behaviour management, and for staff to understand the prior attainment of the students’ (Harkin, 2006, p. 36) I feel that there is a need for behaviour management training during professional development as it complement teaching and learning in the classroom. The Nuffield Review (2009) highlighted the importance of teachers being central to the planning of the curriculum for 14-19 year olds, ‘Teaching quality and the relationship between teachers and learners is central to successful education. This requires a respect for the profession of teaching – for the role of teachers as the custodians of what we value and as the experts in communicating that to the learners. Teachers should be central to curriculum development, not the ‘deliverers’ of someone else’s curriculum. (Nuffield, 2009) Tomlinson (2004) said that the quality of learning depends ‘heavily on the quality of the teaching’ and that teachers would need time to develop their own skills in their subject area to keep up to date and inspired, especially in vocational teaching. Foster (2005) also said that, more emphasis was needed on updating professional knowledge and industry development and even suggested sabbatical and secondment opportunities between education and industry. This I feel is idealistic in today’s economic climate but I have in recent years seen increased opportunities to update professional skills within my own teaching establishment. He also asked that FE colleges improve employability and skills in their local area to contribute to economic growth and social inclusion and offer a range of courses that have solid foundations. With these extra roles are FE colleges spreading themselves too thinly? FE colleges are like the ‘middle child’ aiming to please both compulsory education and higher education as well as employers. How can they do this most effectively and gain respectability for the diversity they offer both in courses, abilities, social backgrounds and disabilities of their students? Foster 2005 compared the situation in this country to the one in America where they have no formal inspection process and colleges have a strong self-regulation policy. Giving responsibility and trust to our colleges would see the higher levels of achievement already evident in America. Assessment of institutions is an added pressure. Working in English education we have come to accept it, but is the English system’s controlling, heavy- handed approach necessary? Foster compared Britain with its European neighbours and concluded that they had a much lighter touch. Such development here would give FE tutors more self-esteem, less pressure and more time to teach. Employer contribution FE has always had to promote and build strong relationships with industry and employers, including, supporting apprenticeships and work experience, and forming partnerships with employers to develop qualifications and make them relevant to industry. The TLRP in 2006 concluded that, ‘We need a sector-by sector analysis of the distinctive role apprenticeship can play in providing the knowledge and skills required in the contemporary economic and occupational context. Further and higher education, as well as employer bodies and trade unions, need to be involved in a forward-looking partnership that lifts the work-based route out if its social inclusion ghetto’ (The Teaching and Learning Research Programme 2006, p.40) In 2004, Foster commented that the LSC National Skill Survey of 2004, found that only 15%, of employers had made use of FE colleges when enquiring about training and skills needed in industry. Whilst Tomlinson ( 2004) wanted to reform 14-19 education and merge VE and academic learning, he had no view on how industry and employers would be an imperative and central part of the development in VE. College qualifications and skills teaching will not stand up to industry standards if employers are not consulted thoroughly. They need to be consulted initially to develop qualifications that are relevant as well as periodically to integrate changes, updates and progression within industry. Links with employers have traditionally been through apprenticeships, mainly for 16-18 year olds. The introduction of adult apprenticeships has had an impact on apprenticeships available to young people as older apprentices can offer life skills and additional qualifications to an employer, The Wolf Report confirms this, stating that 19+ students with A levels took the majority of Advanced Apprenticeships. In 2008/9 there was a 7% fall in the number of 16-18 year olds starting on apprenticeships. This was due to the promotion of adult apprenticeships as well as the economic downturn of the country. With the age of compulsory education rising and a lack of apprenticeships being offered by employers, it will be important to strengthen the links with employers to help young people stay in education, learn valuable skills and contribute to society for our future work force. The Wolf Report (2011) highlighted the need for employer engagement, saying that employers have gradually been ‘frozen out’ of the way VE operates. Strengthening links between employers and VE is one of Wolf’s major recommendations, as well as prioritising the development of apprenticeships and work experience and increasing the involvement of employers in FE colleges to improve employability. Her report recommendations summed up below, state; ‘Implementing its recommendations should raise the quality of provision, increase the time spent teaching and thinking about students, reduce the time spent on pointless bureaucracy, increase young people’s skills in critically important areas and make a real difference to young people’s ability to obtain employment’ (Wolf, 2011, p.144). From the TLRP report 2006 and the Wolf Report 2011, 5 years apart, has much changed or been implemented? Working with employers, I have seen the effect of the economic decline in employment opportunities and feel that some of the changes necessary are beyond the power of education specialists and need to come from alternative government policies to increase employment opportunities. The future The future involves change and evolution of what we have in place at present to ensure FE tutors keep up to date with knowledge and skills. The government have introduced 13 University Technical Colleges (UTC) which will start to open in September 2012, with a government commitment to another 24 and plans for 100 in the next 5 years. UTCs are linked to a university and will be open all year round with a timetabled day between 8. 30am and 5. 30pm and cater for between 600-800 students. They will cover academic subjects in Maths, English, Sciences, Humanities and Languages as well as transferable employment skills. UTC students will have two specialist vocational subjects i. e. Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing. The lengthened day will ensure that all homework, enrichment and work experience is covered in the timetable. FE colleges will have the opportunity to become co-sponsors but they will be led primarily by a university. Does this reduce the role of FE colleges? more seems designed to strengthen the progression forward to HE and not FE, whereas Foster (2005) described FE as essential to widening participation in HE and removing barriers. Another emerging education route is Studio Schools which will be state-funded and accommodate 300 students, time tabled between 9am and 5pm. Six are already open with another 6 planned by the end of 2012. They will teach through community projects, enterprise and work experience. By focussing on how subjects are delivered they may be able to contribute to closing the divide in vocational and academic education. These 2 different types of establishments are similar in the way they are designed to transform of 14-19 education, such as opening times and their work and the community experiences approaches to learning. The biggest difference is the number of students enrolled. It seems that large academies have been growing over the last couple of years with numbers in excess of 1000 students. Throughout the research I have read there has been no mention of class sizes. It has been proved in the past that some students do not flourish in a large class environment but yet no one has thought to research this. I think on occasions students become a number and I hope that in the future we can still personalise education for the individual as they are all unique. Conclusion During this literature review I found a diverse range of opinions articles written about VE and academic education and how they can be both valued in society . In January 2012 Alison Wolf backed the action to remove the equivalency of GCSE’s from most vocational subjects. I feel this widens the gap of value between the two education routes but, UTC’s and Studio Schools offer alternatives and it may be an advantage to separate academic and VE entirely. Through this research I have looked at many areas, concerns and government policies and one of the areas that I think is more important and has a direct relationship to teaching is how 14-16 years old learners integrate into FE colleges and whether learning is appropriate and meets their needs this is an important consideration that requires more research. Word Count-3100 Bibliography Connexions. (2002). Results of the Connexions Service consultations held with young people on the green paper. 14-19: extending opportunities, raising standards. Connexions. DfES. (2002). 14-19 green Paper Consultation Workshops Review. DfES. Foster, A. (2005). Realising the Potential, A review of the future of further education colleges. Nottinghamshire: DfES Publications. Nuffield Foundation. (2009). Educational for All The Future of Education and Training for 14-16 Year Olds. The Future of Education and Training for 14-16 Year Olds. Fuller, A. and Unwin, L. (2011). London Review of Education, Vocational education and training in the spotlight:back to the future for the UK’s Coalition Government. London: Routledge. Harkin, J. (2006). Behaving like adults:meeting the needs of younger learners in further education. London: Leaning and Skills Council. Higham, J and Yeomans, D. (2011). Thirty years of 14-19 education and training in England: Reflections on policy, curriculum and organisation. London Review of Education, 217-230. Hodgson, A. and Spours, K. (2010). Journal of Education and Work, Vocational qualifications and progression to higher education: the case of the 14-19 Diplomas in the English system. London: Routledge. Hodgson, A. and Spours, K. (2011). London Review of Education, Educating 14-19 year olds in England: a UK lens on possible futures. London: Routledge. Hodgson, A. , Spours, K. , and Waring, M. (2005). Higher Education, Curriculum 2000 and the future reform of 14-19 qualifications in England. London: Routledge. 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(2011). ‘Wolf’s backing of vocational training is great, but she ducks the question of how much it will cost ‘The Times Educational Supplement. 25 March 2011, p. 31. Meikle, J. (2007) ‘Diplomas being introduced too fast, warns MP’s’, The Guardian. 17 May 2007. [online] Vasager, J. (2012). ‘Thousands of vocational qualifications to be stripped out of GCSE league tables’. The Guardian. 31 January 2012. [online] Wolf, A. (2012) ‘An end to qualifications that have no real value’ The Guardian. 31 January 2012. [online].